Volume 27, Number 2—February 2021
CME ACTIVITY - Synopsis
Zika Virus–Associated Birth Defects, Costa Rica, 2016–2018
Adriana Benavides-Lara
, María de la Paz Barboza-Arguello, Mauricio González-Elizondo, Marcela Hernández-deMezerville, Helena Brenes-Chacón, Melissa Ramírez-Rojas, Catalina Ramírez-Hernández, Nereida Arjona-Ortegón, Shana Godfred-Cato, Diana Valencia, Cynthia A. Moore, and Alejandra Soriano-Fallas
, María de la Paz Barboza-Arguello, Mauricio González-Elizondo, Marcela Hernández-deMezerville, Helena Brenes-Chacón, Melissa Ramírez-Rojas, Catalina Ramírez-Hernández, Nereida Arjona-Ortegón, Shana Godfred-Cato, Diana Valencia, Cynthia A. Moore, and Alejandra Soriano-Fallas
Table 3
Cases of Zika virus–associated birth defects and neurodevelopmental abnormalities, Costa Rica, March 2016–March 2018*
| Clinical and neuroimaging features |
No. (%) cases |
||
|---|---|---|---|
| Confirmed, n = 11 |
Probable, n = 11 |
Total, n = 22 |
|
| Brain defects | 9 (82) | 9 (82) | 18 (82) |
| Ventriculomegaly/Hydrocephaly | 8 (73) | 4 (36) | 12 (55) |
| Intracranial calcifications | 8 (73) | 3 (27) | 11 (50) |
| Cerebral atrophy | 4 (36) | 6 (55) | 10 (45) |
| Corpus callosum abnormalities | 4 (36) | 4 (36) | 8 (36) |
| Abnormal cortical formation | 3 (27) | 3 (27) | 6 (27) |
| Cerebellar abnormalities | 2 (18) | 0 | 2 (9) |
| Porencephaly | 0 | 1 (9) | 1 (5) |
| Other | 0 | 2 (18) | 2 (9) |
| No brain defects |
2 (18) |
2 (18) |
4 (18) |
| Eye anomalies | 5 (45) | 4 (36) | 9 (41) |
| Chorioretinal scarring in the macula | 4 (36) | 2 (18) | 6 (27) |
| Optic nerve | 3 (27) | 2 (18) | 5 (23) |
| Other | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| No eye anomalies | 6 (55) | 5 (45) | 11 (50) |
| No data reported† |
0 |
2 (18) |
2 (9) |
| Microcephaly | 11 (100) | 9 (82) | 20 (91) |
| Severe | 9 (82) | 5 (45) | 14 (64) |
| Mild–moderate | 2 (18) | 4 (36) | 6 (27) |
| No microcephaly |
0 |
2 (18) |
2 (9) |
| Hearing abnormalities, ABR evaluation | 2 (18) | 0 | 2 (9) |
| Sensorineural hearing loss | 2 (18) | 0 | 2 (9) |
| No hearing abnormalities | 7 (64) | 6 (55) | 13 (59) |
| Not evaluated by ABR‡ |
2 (18) |
5 (45) |
7 (32) |
| Neurodevelopmental abnormalities | 11 (100) | 9 (82) | 21 (95) |
| Body tone abnormalities | 10 (91) | 8 (73) | 18 (82) |
| Possible developmental delay§ | 10 (91) | 8 (73) | 18 (82) |
| Possible visual impairment | 8 (73) | 4 (36) | 12 (55) |
| Congenital contractures | 5 (45) | 5 (45) | 10 (45) |
| Seizures, excluding febrile | 7 (64) | 1 (9) | 8 (36) |
| Movement abnormalities | 6 (55) | 5 (45) | 11 (50) |
| Swallowing abnormalities | 6 (55) | 3 (27) | 9 (41) |
| No abnormalities | 0 | 1 (9) | 1 (5) |
| No data reported† | 0 | 1 (9) | 1 (5) |
*ABR, auditory brain response test. †These infants had a normal result for newborn hearing screening by otoacoustic emissions testing and were not evaluated by ABR because they were lost to follow-up. Three infants did not have any hearing screening because they died soon after birth. ‡Includes infants for whom an evaluation was not performed or records were not obtainable. §For 4 children (1 with a confirmed case and 3 with a possible case), developmental delay was not evaluated by any specific method.
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Page updated: January 21, 2021
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