Volume 27, Number 4—April 2021
Etymologia
Etymologia: Treponema
Treponema [trep′′o-ne′mə]
From the Greek trepo (rotate, turn) and ne¯ma (thread), Treponema is a genus of gram-negative, anaerobic or microaerophilic bacteria. They are spiral-shaped and have flagella, which extend from motors at the pole, producing undulating movement through fluids, enabling tissue invasion and dissemination (Figure). In 1905, microbiologist Fritz Richard Schaudinn and dermatologist Paul Erich Hoffmann described Treponema pallidum subsp. pallidum as Spirochaeta pallida from a fresh human vulvar lesion.
Treponema spp. can invade the epidermis and oral, intestinal, and genital mucosa of humans and animals. They cause human diseases, such as syphilis, yaws, pinta, and bejel, and animal diseases, such as digital dermatitis. T. phagedenis, T. pedis, and T. medium infect mainly cattle. T. paraluiscuniculi can cause syphilis in rabbits.
Most Treponema spp. are not cultivable, except for T. palllidum subsp. pallidum and T. phagedenis. T. pallidum subsp. pallidum causative syphilis is a reemerging disease in industrialized countries. Digital dermatitis, a polytreponemal disease, is considered to be the major infectious claw disease in cattle worldwide.
References
- Dorland’s illustrated medical dictionary. 32nd ed. Philadelphia: Elsevier Saunders; 2012.
- Edmondson DG, Hu B, Norris SJ. Long-term in vitro culture of the syphilis spirochete Treponema pallidum subsp. pallidum. MBio. 2018;9:
e01153 . DOIPubMedGoogle Scholar - Nally JE, Hornsby RL, Alt DP, Whitelegge JP. Phenotypic and proteomic characterization of treponemes associated with bovine digital dermatitis. Vet Microbiol. 2019;235:35–42. DOIPubMedGoogle Scholar
- Oriel JD. The scars of Venus: a history of venereology. London: Springer-Verlag; 1994.
- Šmajs D, Zobaníková M, Strouhal M, Čejková D, Dugan-Rocha S, Pospíšilová P, et al. Complete genome sequence of Treponema paraluiscuniculi, strain Cuniculi A: the loss of infectivity to humans is associated with genome decay. PLoS One. 2011;6:
e20415 . DOIPubMedGoogle Scholar
Figure
Cite This ArticleOriginal Publication Date: February 26, 2021
1These authors contributed equally to this article.
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Rüdiger D. Ollhoff, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciência Animal da Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Paraná, Rua Imaculada Conceição, 1155 Prado Velho, Curitiba 80215 901, Paraná, Brazil
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