Skip directly to site content Skip directly to page options Skip directly to A-Z link Skip directly to A-Z link Skip directly to A-Z link
Volume 27, Number 6—June 2021
Research Letter

Respiratory Viral Shedding in Healthcare Workers Reinfected with SARS-CoV-2, Brazil, 2020

Mariene R. Amorim1, William M. Souza1, Antonio C.G. Barros, Daniel A. Toledo-Teixeira, Karina Bispo dos-Santos, Camila L. Simeoni, Pierina L. Parise, Aline Vieira, Julia Forato, Ingra M. Claro, Luciana S. Mofatto, Priscila P. Barbosa, Natalia S. Brunetti, Emerson S.S. França, Gisele A. Pedroso, Barbara F.N. Carvalho, Tania R. Zaccariotto, Kamila C.S. Krywacz, André S. Vieira, Marcelo A. Mori, Alessandro S. Farias, Maria H.P. Pavan, Luís Felipe Bachur, Luís G.O. Cardoso, Fernando R. Spilki, Ester C. Sabino, Nuno R. Faria, Magnun N.N. Santos, Rodrigo Angerami, Patricia A.F. Leme, Angelica Schreiber, Maria L. Moretti, Fabiana GranjaComments to Author , and José Luiz Proenca-Modena
Author affiliations: University of Campinas, Campinas, Brazil (M.R. Amorim, A.C.G. Barros Jr., D.A. Toledo-Teixeira, K. Bispo-dos-Santos, C.L. Simeoni, P.L. Parise, A. Vieira, J. Forato, L.S. Mofatto, P.P. Barbosa, N.S. Brunetti, E.S.S. França, G.A. Pedroso, B.F.N. Carvalho, T.R. Zaccariotto, K.C.S. Krywacz, A.S. Vieira, M.A. Mori, A.S. Farias, M.H.P. Pavan, L.F. Bachur, L.G.O. Cardoso, M.N.N. Santos, R. Angerami, P.A.F. Leme, A. Schreiber, M.L. Moretti, F. Granja, J.L. Proenca-Modena); University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil (W.M. Souza, I.M. Claro, E.C. Sabino, N.R. Faria); Feevale University, Novo Hamburgo, Brazil (F.R. Spilki); University of Oxford, Oxford, UK (N.R. Faria); Imperial College London, London, UK (N.R. Faria); Campinas Department of Public Health Surveillance, Campinas (R. Angerami); Federal University of Roraima, Boa Vista, Brazil (F. Granja)

Main Article

Table

Characteristics of healthcare workers with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 reinfections, Brazil, 2020*

Characteristic Healthcare worker
1 2 3 4
Underlying conditions
 None
 Chronic bronchitis
 None
 None
Hospitalized
 No
 No
 No
 No
Symptoms
First infection Fever, headache, chills, sneezing, coryza, and myalgia Headache, cough, myalgia, odynophagy, coryza, diarrhea, and ageusia Nasal congestion, coryza, cough, ageusia Fever, headache, myalgia, coryza, dry cough, vomiting, and malaise
Second infection
 Headache, nasal congestion, odynophagia, ageusia, and anosmia
 Cough, myalgia, odynophagia, anosmia, and diarrhea
 Odynophagia, sneezing, coryza, diarrhea, ageusia, and anosmia
 Odynophagia, dry cough, myalgia, malaise, coryza, and headache
Cycle threshold values
First infection† E gene: 35.24; N gene: 40.12 E gene: 31.8 E gene: 35.15 E gene: 34.80; RdRp gene: 39.86
Second infection‡
 E gene: 31.14; N gene: 31.3; RdRp gene: 32.58
 E gene: 20.45; N gene: 20.52; RdRp gene: 22.65
 E gene: 26.04; N gene: 26.88; RdRp gene: 28.40
 E gene: 23.72; N gene: 23.48; RdRp gene: 25.67
Time between symptom onsets, d 55 170 131 148

*E gene, envelope gene; N gene, nucleoprotein gene; RdRp gene, RNA dependent RNA polymerase gene.
†Real-time quantitative reverse transcription PCR selective for the envelope gene (2).
‡Nucleic acid amplification test using the GeneFinder COVID-19 Plus RealAmp Kit (OSANG Healthcare Co. Ltd., http://www.osanghc.com) (3).

Main Article

References
  1. Pan American Health Organization/World Health Organization. Interim guidelines for detecting cases of reinfection by SARS-CoV-2. Washington (DC): The Organizations; 2020.
  2. Corman  VM, Landt  O, Kaiser  M, Molenkamp  R, Meijer  A, Chu  DK, et al. Detection of 2019 novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV) by real-time RT-PCR [Erratum in: Euro Surveill. 2020;25: 20200409c; 2020;25:2007303]. Euro Surveill. 2020;25:2000045. DOIGoogle Scholar
  3. Ong  DSY, Claas  ECJ, Breijer  S, Vaessen  N. Comparison of the GeneFinderTM COVID-19 Plus RealAmp Kit on the sample-to-result Platform ELITe InGenius to the national reference method: An added value of N gene target detection? J Clin Virol. 2020;132:104632. DOIPubMedGoogle Scholar
  4. Harrington  D, Kele  B, Pereira  S, Couto-Parada  X, Riddell  A, Forbes  S, et al. Confirmed reinfection with SARS-CoV-2 variant VOC-202012/01. Clin Infect Dis. 2021;ciab014; Epub ahead of print. DOIPubMedGoogle Scholar
  5. Nonaka  CKV, Franco  MM, Gräf  T, de Lorenzo Barcia  CA, de Ávila Mendonça  RN, de Sousa  KAF, et al. Genomic evidence of SARS-CoV-2 reinfection involving E484K spike mutation, Brazil. Emerg Infect Dis. 2021;27:27. DOIPubMedGoogle Scholar
  6. Rambaut  A, Holmes  EC, O’Toole  Á, Hill  V, McCrone  JT, Ruis  C, et al. A dynamic nomenclature proposal for SARS-CoV-2 lineages to assist genomic epidemiology. Nat Microbiol. 2020;5:1403–7. DOIPubMedGoogle Scholar
  7. Candido  DS, Claro  IM, de Jesus  JG, Souza  WM, Moreira  FRR, Dellicour  S, et al.; Brazil-UK Centre for Arbovirus Discovery, Diagnosis, Genomics and Epidemiology (CADDE) Genomic Network. Evolution and epidemic spread of SARS-CoV-2 in Brazil. Science. 2020;369:1255–60. DOIPubMedGoogle Scholar
  8. Plante  JA, Liu  Y, Liu  J, Xia  H, Johnson  BA, Lokugamage  KG, et al. Spike mutation D614G alters SARS-CoV-2 fitness. Nature. 2021;592:116–21. DOIPubMedGoogle Scholar
  9. Kulkarni  O, Narreddy  S, Zaveri  L, Kalal  IG, Tallapaka  KB, Sowpati  DT. Evidence of SARS-CoV-2 reinfection without mutations in Spike protein. Clin Infect Dis. 2021;ciab136; Epub ahead of print. DOIPubMedGoogle Scholar

Main Article

1These authors contributed equally to this article.

Page created: April 14, 2021
Page updated: May 18, 2021
Page reviewed: May 18, 2021
The conclusions, findings, and opinions expressed by authors contributing to this journal do not necessarily reflect the official position of the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, the Public Health Service, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, or the authors' affiliated institutions. Use of trade names is for identification only and does not imply endorsement by any of the groups named above.
file_external