Skip directly to site content Skip directly to page options Skip directly to A-Z link Skip directly to A-Z link Skip directly to A-Z link
Volume 27, Number 8—August 2021
Research

Social Distancing, Mask Use, and Transmission of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2, Brazil, April–June 2020

Marcelo Rodrigues GonçalvesComments to Author , Rodrigo Citton Padilha dos Reis, Rodrigo Pedroso Tólio, Lucia Campos Pellanda, Maria Inês Schmidt, Natan Katz, Sotero Serrate Mengue, Pedro C. Hallal, Bernardo L. Horta, Mariangela Freitas Silveira, Roberto Nunes Umpierre, Cynthia Goulart Bastos-Molina, Rodolfo Souza da Silva, and Bruce B. Duncan
Author affiliations: Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil (M.R. Gonçalves, R.C.P. Reis, R.P. Tólio, M.I. Schmidt, N. Katz, S.S. Mengue, R.N. Umpierre, C.G. Bastos-Molina, R.S. da Silva, B.B. Duncan); Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre (M.R. Gonçalves, M.I. Schmidt, R.N. Umpierre, C.G. Bastos-Molina, R.S. da Silva, B.B. Duncan); Universidade Federal de Ciências da Saúde de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre (L.C. Pellanda); Municipal Health Department, Porto Alegre (N. Katz); Universidade Federal de Pelotas, Pelotas, Brazil (P.C. Hallal, B.L. Horta, M.F. Silveira); Universidade do Vale dos Sinos (UNISINOS), São Leopoldo, Brazil (C.G. Bastos-Molina)

Main Article

Table 2

Sociodemographic and social distancing data of case-patients and controls, Porto Alegre, Brazil, April–June 2020*

Characteristic Case-patients, n = 271 Controls, n = 1,396
Sex
M 119 (43.9) 537 (38.5)
F
 152 (56.1)
 859 (61.5)
Mean age, y, ±SD
 46.0 ±17.2
 49.7 ±17.5
Education
University 98 (36.2) 722 (51.7)
High school complete 88 (32.5) 388 (27.8)
High school incomplete
 85 (31.4)
 286 (20.5)
Race
White 197 (72.7) 1053 (75.4)
Mixed race 35 (12.9) 182 (13.0)
Black 36 (13.3) 149 (10.7)
Other
 3 (1.1)
 12 (0.9)
Household size ±SD
 2.9 ±1.2†
 2.5 ±1.4
Monthly income, Brazilian real, head of household‡
 1,575 (IQR 965–3,365)
 2,205 (IQR 1,089–3,390)
Epidemiologic week ±SD
 21.9 ±1.6
 21.0 ±2.9
Adherence to social distancing
Very little 32 (11.8) 56 (4.0)
Little 32 (11.8) 81 (5.8)
Moderate—some 43 (15.9) 260 (18.6)
High—a great deal 88 (32.5) 651 (46.6)
Practically isolated from everybody
 76 (28.0)
 348 (24.9)
Daily routine
Go out every day, all day, to work or other regular activity 118 (43.5) 251 (18.0)
Go out every day for some activity 12 (4.4) 102 (7.3)
Go out from time to time to shop and stretch my legs 30 (11.1) 192 (13.8)
Go out only for essential things like buying food 74 (27.3) 696 (49.9)
Stay at home all the time
 37 (13.7)
 155 (11.1)
Social distancing score ±SD
 6.2 ±2.5
 7.1 ±2.0
Social distancing
Least 44 (16.2) 100 (7.2)
Little 72 (26.6) 216 (15.5)
Much 98 (36.2) 729 (52.2)
Most
 57 (21.0)
 351 (25.1)
Mask use§
No 14 (7.1) 5 (1.2)
Sometimes NA 10 (2.4)
Always 184 (92.9) 405 (96.4)

*Values are no. (%) except as indicated. IQR, interquartile range; NA, not applicable. †Excluding 4 case-patients living in nursing homes. ‡Median of mean head-of-household income of respondent´s census tract. §Including only cases with pandemic moment equivalent to that of the last seroprevalence survey and excluding case-patients and controls reporting to stay at home all the time.

Main Article

Page created: May 19, 2021
Page updated: July 18, 2021
Page reviewed: July 18, 2021
The conclusions, findings, and opinions expressed by authors contributing to this journal do not necessarily reflect the official position of the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, the Public Health Service, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, or the authors' affiliated institutions. Use of trade names is for identification only and does not imply endorsement by any of the groups named above.
file_external