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Volume 28, Supplement—December 2022
SUPPLEMENT ISSUE
Surveillance

Incorporating COVID-19 into Acute Febrile Illness Surveillance Systems, Belize, Kenya, Ethiopia, Peru, and Liberia, 2020–2021

David C. Shih1, Rachel Silver1Comments to Author , Olga L. Henao, Aynalem Alemu, Allan Audi, Godfrey Bigogo, Josh M. Colston, Elijah P. Edu-Quansah, Timothy A. Erickson, Andargachew Gashu, G. Burgess Gbelee, Sarah M. Gunter, Margaret N. Kosek, Gorbee G. Logan, Joy M. Mackey, Adrianna Maliga, Russell Manzanero, Gerhaldine Morazan, Francis Morey, Flor M. Munoz, Kristy O. Murray, Thelma V. Nelson, Maribel Paredes Olortegui, Pablo Penataro Yori, Shannon E. Ronca, Francesca Schiaffino, Adamu Tayachew, Musse Tedasse, Mesfin Wossen, Denise R. Allen, Pawan Angra, Amanda Balish, Madeline Farron, Marta Guerra, Amy Herman-Roloff, Victoria J. Hicks, Elizabeth Hunsperger, Lilit Kazazian, Matt Mikoleit, Peninah Munyua, Patrick K. Munywoki, Angella Sandra Namwase, Clayton O. Onyango, Michael Park, Leonard F. Peruski, David E. Sugerman, Emily Zielinski Gutierrez, and Adam L. Cohen
Author affiliations: Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA (D.C. Shih, R. Silver, O.L. Henao, D.R. Allen, P. Angra, A. Balish, M. Farron, M. Guerra, V.J. Hicks, L. Kazazian, M. Mikoleit, A.S. Namwase, M. Park, L.F. Peruski, D.E. Sugerman, A.L. Cohen); Ethiopian Public Health Institute, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia (A. Alemu, A. Gashu, A. Tayachew, M. Tedasse, M. Wossen); Kenya Medical Research Institute, Kisumu, Kenya (A. Audi, G. Bigogo); University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA (J.M. Colston, M.N. Kosek, P. Penataro Yori, F. Schiaffino); African Field Epidemiology Network, Monrovia, Liberia (E.P. Edu-Quansah); Texas Children’s Hospital, Houston, Texas, USA (T.A. Erickson, S.M. Gunter, A. Maliga, F.M. Munoz, K.O. Murray, S.E. Ronca); Baylor College of Medicine, Houston (T.A. Erickson, S.M. Gunter, J.M. Mackey, A. Maliga, F.M. Munoz, K.O. Murray, S.E. Ronca); National Public Health Institute of Liberia, Monrovia (G.B. Gbelee, T.V. Nelson); Ministry of Health, Monrovia (G.G. Logan); Ministry of Health and Wellness, Belmopan, Belize (R. Manzanero, G. Morazan, F. Morey); Asociación Benéfica Prisma, Iquitos, Peru (M. Paredes Olortegui); US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Nairobi, Kenya (A. Herman-Roloff, E. Hunsperger, P. Munyua, P.K. Munywoki); US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Kisumu, Kenya (C.O. Onyango); US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Guatemala City, Guatemala (E. Zielinski Gutierrez)

Main Article

Table 3

Demographic characteristics of surveillance participants and SARS-CoV-2 testing results after COVID-19 incorporation into acute febrile illness surveillance systems in Belize, Kenya, Ethiopia, Peru, and Liberia, 2020–2021*

Variables
 Belize
 Kenya
 Ethiopia
 Peru
 Liberia
Data collection period
 2020 Mar–2021 Jul
2020 May–2021 Sep
 2021 Feb–Aug
 2021 Feb–Oct
 2021 Apr–Jul
Total no. enrolled patients
1,627
 3,113
 115
 344
 302
Sex†
M 788 (48) 1,487 (48) 65 (57) 178 (52) 131 (43)
F 839 (52) 1,626 (52) 30 (26) 166 (48) 171 (57)
Unknown sex
 0
 0
 20 (17)
 0
 0
Age groups, y†
<5–14 473 (29) 2,507 (81) 2 (2) 9 (3) 141 (47)
15–44 817 (50) 502 (16) 51 (44) 228 (66) 113 (37)
45–64 231 (14) 75 (2) 22 (19) 81 (24) 41 (14)
>65 106 (7) 29 (1) 20 (17) 26 (8) 7 (2)
Unknown age
 0
 0
 20 (17)
 0
 0
Tested for SARS-CoV-2, y‡
<5–14 349 (74) 1,734 (69) 2 (100) 9 (100) 90 (64)
15–44 709 (87) 341 (68) 51 (100) 218 (96) 85 (75)
45–64 207 (90) 56 (75) 22 (100) 81 (100) 33 (80)
>65 97 (92) 20 (69) 20 (100) 26 (100) 7 (100)
Unknown age 0 0 20 (100) 0 0
Total
 1,362 (84)
 2,151 (69)
 115 (100)
 334 (97)
 215 (71)
SARS-CoV-2 positive, y§
<5–14 18 (5) 45 (3) 0 0 9 (10)
15–44 77 (11) 31 (9) 5 (10) 27 (12) 9 (11)
45–64 38 (18) 8 (14) 6 (27) 16 (20) 6 (18)
>65 18 (19) 3 (15) 8 (40) 8 (31) 1 (14)
Unknown age 0 0 3 (15) 0 0
Total 151 (11) 87 (4) 22 (19) 51 (15) 25 (12)

*Participants were enrolled during the indicated periods and sorted by the month data collection began. AFI, acute febrile illness. †No. (%) participants out of total enrolled. ‡No. (%) enrolled participants who were tested for SARS-CoV-2 in each age group. §No. (%) tested participants with positive SARS-CoV-2 samples in each age group.

Main Article

1These first authors contributed equally to this article.

Page created: August 11, 2022
Page updated: December 11, 2022
Page reviewed: December 11, 2022
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