Volume 28, Number 3—March 2022
Dispatch
Long-Term Symptoms among COVID-19 Survivors in Prospective Cohort Study, Brazil
Lívia P. Bonifácio, Viviane N.F. Csizmar, Francisco Barbosa-Júnior, Ana P.S. Pereira, Marcel Koenigkam-Santos, Danilo T. Wada, Gilberto G. Gaspar, Felipe S. Carvalho, Valdes R. Bollela, Rodrigo C. Santana, João P. Souza, and Fernando Bellissimo-Rodrigues
Table 1
Baseline clinical and demographic characteristics among 175 patients surviving the acute phase of COVID-19, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil*
| Characteristic | COVID-19 severity |
|||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Mild/moderate, n = 35 (20%) | Severe, n = 80 (45.7%) | Critical, n = 60 (34.3%) | Total, n = 175 | |
| Sex | ||||
| M | 7 (20) | 36 (45) | 42 (70) | 85 (48.6) |
| F |
28 (80) |
44 (55) |
18 (30) |
90 (51.4) |
| Mean age, y (SD) |
44.9 (+10.3) |
57.1 (+15.3) |
54.2 (+13.2) |
53.7 (+14.4) |
| Ethnic background† | ||||
| White (Caucasian or Latin) | 19 (54.3) | 36 (45) | 25 (41.7) | 80 (45.7) |
| Afro-American (Brown) | 10 (28.6) | 34 (42.5) | 26 (43.3) | 70 (40) |
| Afro-American (Black) | 6 (17.1) | 8 (10) | 6 (10) | 20 (11.4) |
| Asiatic | 0 | 1 (1.3) | 2 (3.3) | 3 (1.7) |
| Brazilian Indigenous |
0 |
1 (1.3) |
1 (1.7) |
2 (1.1) |
| Mean years of schooling (SD) |
13.4 (+5.7) |
8.1 (+5.5) |
8.3 (+5.4) |
9.2 (+5.9) |
| Mean income/person, USD (SD)‡ | 407.33 (+313.60) | 273.01 (+295,85) | 229.33 (+210.40) | 285.57 (+279.56) |
| Median |
364.01 |
200.21‡ |
182.01‡ |
216.77‡ |
| Currently works as a health professional | ||||
| Yes | 23 (65.7) | 8 (10) | 2 (3.3) | 33 (18.9) |
| No |
12 (34.3) |
72 (90) |
58 (96.7) |
142 (81.1) |
| Mean BMI (SD)§ | 31.8 (+7.5) | 32.1 (+7.3)§ | 31.1 (+7.5) | 31.7 (+7.3)§ |
| BMI >30§ |
17 (48.6) |
44 (56.4)§ |
23 (38.3) |
84 (48.6)§ |
| Underlying conditions | ||||
| None | 16 (45.7) | 16 (20) | 10 (16.7) | 42 (24.0) |
| Hypertension | 9 (25.7) | 35 (43.8) | 21 (35) | 65 (37.1) |
| Diabetes | 1 (2.9) | 26 (32.5) | 22 (36.7) | 49 (28.0) |
| Dyslipidemia | 2 (5.7) | 12 (15) | 12 (20) | 26 (14.8) |
| Heart problems (other than hypertension) | 1 (2.9) | 10 (12.5) | 8 (13.3) | 19 (10.9) |
| Rhinitis or sinusitis | 3 (8.6) | 7 (8.8) | 7 (11.7) | 17 (9.7) |
| Cancer | 1 (2.9) | 9 (11.3) | 1 (1.7) | 11 (6.3) |
| Thyroid problems | 0 | 4 (5) | 6 (10) | 10 (5.7) |
| Depression or anxiety |
1 (2.9) |
6 (7.5) |
3 (5) |
10 (5.7) |
| Smoking | ||||
| Current | 0 (0) | 2 (2.5) | 0 | 2 (1.1) |
| Previous |
2 (5.71) |
18 (22.5) |
19 (31.7) |
39 (22.3) |
| Hospitalization | ||||
| Yes | 10 (28.6) | 80 (100) | 60 (100) | 150 (85.7) |
| No |
25 (71.4) |
0 |
0 |
25 (14.3) |
| Mean duration of hospitalization, d (SD) | 5 (+4) | 9.9 (+5.2) | 24.1 (+11.1) | 15.3 (+10.9) |
| Median | 4 | 9 | 20.5 | 12 |
*Values are no. (%) except as indicated. BMI, body mass index; COVID-19, coronavirus disease. †Ethnic background information was self-reported and consisted of Latin American, Caucasian, Afro-American, Asian, and Brazilian indigenous persons. ‡$1 US = R $5,49. Data on financial income by person were missing for 3 participants. §BMI data were missing for 2 participants.
Page created: December 27, 2021
Page updated: February 21, 2022
Page reviewed: February 21, 2022
The conclusions, findings, and opinions expressed by authors contributing to this journal do not necessarily reflect the official position of the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, the Public Health Service, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, or the authors' affiliated institutions. Use of trade names is for identification only and does not imply endorsement by any of the groups named above.