Volume 29, Number 2—February 2023
Research
Incidence and Transmission Dynamics of Bordetella pertussis Infection in Rural and Urban Communities, South Africa, 2016‒2018
, Stefano Tempia, Jackie Kleynhans, Meredith McMorrow, Jocelyn Moyes, Mignon du Plessis, Maimuna Carrim, Florette K. Treurnicht, Orienka Helferscee, Thulisa Mkhencele, Azwifarwi Mathunjwa, Neil A. Martinson, Kathleen Kahn, Limakatso Lebina, Floidy Wafawanaka, Cheryl Cohen, Anne von Gottberg, Nicole Wolter, and for the PHIRST Group
Table 1
Characteristics for 1,684 persons enrolled in the PHIRST, South Africa, 2016–2018*
| Characteristic | No. positive/no. tested (%) |
||
|---|---|---|---|
| Overall | Rural | Urban | |
| Year | |||
| 2016 | 542/1,684 (32.2) | 280/849 (32.9) | 262/835 (31.4) |
| 2017 | 577/1,684 (34.3) | 289/849 (34.0) | 288/835 (34.5) |
| 2018 |
565/1,684 (33.6) |
280/849 (32.9) |
285/835 (34.1) |
| Sex | |||
| M | 675/1,684 (40.1) | 316/849 (37.2) | 359/835 (42.9) |
| F |
1,009/1,684 (59.9) |
533/849 (62.8) |
479/835 (57.1) |
| Age group, y | |||
| <1 | 36/1,684 (2.1) | 15/849 (1.8) | 21/835 (2.5) |
| 1–4 | 243/1,684 (14.4) | 156/849 (18.4) | 87/835 (10.4) |
| 5–14 | 547/1,684 (32.5) | 309/849 (36.4) | 238/835 (28.5) |
| 15–24 | 273/1,684 (16.2) | 124/849 (14.6) | 149/835 (17.8) |
| 25–44 | 317/1,684 (18.8) | 141/849 (16.6) | 176/835 (21.1) |
| 45–64 | 195/1,684 (11.6) | 74/849 (8.7) | 121/835 (14.5) |
| >65 |
73/1,684 (4.3) |
30/849 (3.5) |
43/835 (5.2) |
| HIV status | |||
| Negative | 1,379/1,628 (84.7) | 715/832 (85.9) | 664/796 (83.4) |
| Positive |
249/1,628 (15.3) |
117/832 (14.1) |
132/796 (16.6) |
| Nutritional status† | |||
| Underweight | 131/1,676 (7.8) | 55/849 (6.5) | 76/827 (9.2) |
| Normal | 993/1,676 (59.3) | 552/849 (65.0) | 441/827 (53.3) |
| Overweight | 265/1,676 (15·8) | 123/849 (14.5) | 142/827 (17.2) |
| Obese |
287/1,676 (17.1) |
119/849 (14.0) |
168/827 (20.3) |
| Underlying illness‡ | |||
| No | 1,634/1,684 (97.0) | 844/849 (99.4) | 790/835 (94.6) |
| Yes |
50/1,684 (3.0) |
5/849 (0.6) |
45/835 (5.4) |
| Pertussis vaccination§ | |||
| Incomplete | 6/220 (2.7) | 3/128 (2.3) | 3/92 (3.3) |
| Fully vaccinated |
214/220 (97.3) |
125/128 (97.7) |
89/92 (96.7) |
| Crowding¶ | |||
| No | 738/1,684 (43.8) | 361/849 (42.5) | 377/835 (45.2) |
| Yes | 946/1,684 (56.2) | 488/849 (57.5) | 458/835 (54.9) |
*PHIRST, Prospective Household cohort study of Influenza, Respiratory Syncytial virus, and other respiratory pathogens community burden and Transmission dynamics in South Africa. †Nutritional status is based on a person’s body mass index (BMI). We defined BMI categories as follows: underweight, age <18 y weight for age or BMI <‒2 SDs of World Health Organization (WHO) Child Growth Standards; age >18 y BMI <18.5 kg/m2; overweight, age <18 y BMI >+1 and ≤+2 SD of the WHO growth standards, age ≥18 y BMI ≥25 and <30kg/m2; obese, age <18 y BMI >+2 SD of WHO growth standards, age ≥18 y BMI >30 kg/m2. ‡Defined as self-reported history of asthma, lung disease, heart disease, stroke, spinal cord injury, epilepsy, organ transplant, immunosuppressive therapy, organ transplantation, cancer, liver disease, renal disease, or diabetes. §Collected only for children <5 y of age. ¶More than 2 persons in a household sleeping in the same room.