Table 4

Volume 29, Number 9—September 2023

Compliance Trajectory and Patterns of COVID-19 Preventive Measures, Japan, 2020–2022

Taro Kusama, Kenji Takeuchi

, Yudai Tamada, Sakura Kiuchi, Ken Osaka, and Takahiro Tabuchi

Author affiliations: Tohoku University Graduate School of Dentistry, Sendai, Japan (T. Kusama, K. Takeuchi, Y. Tamada, S. Kiuchi, K. Osaka); Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan (K. Takeuchi, Y. Tamada); Tohoku University Frontier Research Institute for Interdisciplinary Sciences, Sendai (S. Kiuchi); Osaka International Cancer Institute, Osaka, Japan (T. Tabuchi); The Tokyo Foundation for Policy Research, Tokyo, Japan (T. Tabuchi)

Main Article

Associations (% difference) between each latent class and participant characteristic in study of compliance trajectory and patterns of COVID-19 preventive measures, Japan, 2020–2022*

Characteristic	Low compliance		Personal hygiene		Avoiding social contact		Comprehensive
Characteristic	% Diff (95% CI)	p value	% Diff (95% CI)	p value	% Diff (95% CI)	p value	% Diff (95% CI)	p value
Per wave†	–2.8 (–3.3 to −2.3)	<0.001	2.6 (2.1–3.0)	<0.001	0.4 (–0.1 to 1.0)	0.098	−0.2 (–0.7 to 0.3)	0.482
Survey
JACSIS	Referent	NA	Referent	NA	Referent	NA	Referent	NA
JASTIS	3.4 (2.6–4.2)	<0.001	–0.2 (–1.1 to 0.7)	0.618	–1.5 (–2.6 to –0.4)	0.008	–1.7 (–2.6 to –0.8)	<0.001
Sex
M	Referent	NA	Referent	NA	Referent	NA	Referent	NA
F	–15.8 (–17.0 to –14.7)	<0.001	2.1 (1.0–3.3)	<0.001	2.8 (1.4–4.3)	<0.001	10.7 (9.2–12.3)	<0.001
Age, y
20–29	Referent	NA	Referent	NA	Referent	NA	Referent	NA
30–39	–7.8 (–10.5 to –5.2)	<0.001	–1.0 (–3.3 to 1.3)	0.392	6.9 (4.9–8.8)	<0.001	2.0 (–0.1 to 4.0)	0.052
40–49	–10.7 (–13.3 to –8.0)	<0.001	–0.9 (–3.2 to 1.3)	0.402	8.5 (6.7–10.3)	<0.001	3.1 (1.2–5.1)	0.002
50–59	–12.2 (–14.9 to –9.5)	<0.001	–1.6 (–3.9 to 0.8)	0.189	12.2 (10.3–14.0)	<0.001	1.6 (–0.4 to 3.5)	0.113
60–69	–13.4 (–16.1 to –10.8)	<0.001	–3.8 (–6.1 to –1.5)	0.001	16.9 (14.8–19.0)	<0.001	0.3 (–1.8 to 2.4)	0.757
70–79	–15.6 (–18.4 to –12.8)	<0.001	–9.7 (–12.4 to –7.1)	<0.001	22.8 (19.5–26.1)	<0.001	2.5 (–1.0 to 6.0)	0.160
Education
Junior high, high school	Referent	NA	Referent	NA	Referent	NA	Referent	NA
Vocational school, junior college	–4.1 (–5.3 to –2.8)	<0.001	0.1 (–1.2 to 1.3)	0.916	–0.6 (–2.0 to 0.7)	0.356	4.6 (3.3–6.0)	<0.001
University, graduate school	–2.3 (–3.7 to –1.0)	0.001	–0.5 (–1.9 to 0.9)	0.460	–1.0 (–2.9 to 0.9)	0.300	3.8 (1.8–5.8)	<0.001
Equivalent income, million JPY	2.7 (–3.6 to 9.1)	0.404	–3.7 (–10.8 to 3.4)	0.307	–2.4 (–10.3 to 5.6)	0.556	3.4 (–2.8 to 9.6)	0.284
<2.00	Referent	NA	Referent	NA	Referent	NA	Referent	NA
2.00–3.99	–3.4 (–5.1 to –1.6)	<0.001	4.2 (2.7–5.7)	<0.001	–0.9 (–2.9 to 1.0)	0.343	0.2 (–2.0 to 2.3)	0.889
4.00–5.99	–4.4 (–6.3 to –2.4)	<0.001	5.0 (3.3–6.7)	<0.001	–2.2 (–4.3 to –0.1)	0.040	1.6 (–0.6 to 3.8)	0.159
>6.00	–3.4 [–6.3 to –0.4)	0.024	6.6 (3.9–9.4)	<0.001	–6.5 (–8.8 to –4.2)	<0.001	3.2 (0.5–6.0)	0.022
Not answered	–2.7 (–4.6 to –0.8)	0.005	0.5 (–1.2 to 2.2)	0.560	–1.6 (–4.0 to 0.7)	0.179	3.8 (1.5–6.2)	0.001
Population density of residential prefecture
Low	Referent	NA	Referent	NA	Referent	NA	Referent	NA
High	–0.3 (–1.5 to 1.0)	0.685	1.3 (0.1–2.5)	0.041	–4.1 (–5.6 to –2.7)	<0.001	3.1 (1.6–4.6)	<0.001

*Total number of responses was 103,312. Diff, difference; JACSIS, Japan COVID-19 and Society Internet Survey; JASTIS, Japan Society and New Tobacco Internet Survey; JPY, Japanese yen; NA, not applicable. †Surveys were conducted in 4 waves: August 25–September 30, 2020 (JACSIS2020); February 8–26, 2021 (JASTIS2021); September 27–October 29, 2021 (JACSIS2021); and February 1–28, 2022 (JASTIS2022).

Main Article

Page created: June 29, 2023

Page updated: August 20, 2023

Page reviewed: August 20, 2023

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