Molecular Characterization of Noroviruses Causing Acute Gastroenteritis Outbreaks among US Military Recruits, 2013–2023
Melissa S. Anderson, Chanel A. Mosby-Tourtellot, Regina Z. Cer, Daniel J. Crouch, Ryan S. Underwood, Cailin S. La Claire, Roger W. Pan, Evelyn W. Mahugu, Hunter J. Smith, Kimberly A. Bishop-Lilly, Mathew D. Esona, Francisco Mimica Porras
, and Michelle Hartman-Lane
Author affiliation: Naval Health Research Center, Operational Infectious Diseases Directorate, San Diego, California, USA (M.S. Anderson, D.J. Crouch, R.S. Underwood, C.A. La Claire, R.W. Pan, M.D. Esona, F.M. Porras, M. Hartman-Lane); General Dynamics Information Technology, San Diego (M.S. Anderson, R.S. Underwood, C.A. La Claire, R.W. Pan); Defense Threat Reduction Agency, Fort Belvoir, Virginia, USA (C.A. Mosby-Tourtellot); Naval Medical Research Command, Biological Defense Research Directorate, Fort Detrick, Maryland, USA (C.A. Mosby-Tourtellot, R.Z. Cer, K.A. Bishop-Lilly); General Dynamics, Silver Spring, Maryland, USA (E.W. Mahugu); Global Emerging Infections Surveillance Branch, Armed Forces Health Surveillance Division, Silver Spring (E.W. Mahugu, H.J. Smith); Uniformed Services University, Bethesda, Maryland, USA (H.J. Smith).
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Figure 2
Figure 2. Maximum-likelihood phylogram of GI ORF2 (VP1) in a study of molecular characterization of noroviruses causing acute gastroenteritis outbreaks among US military recruits at 4 basic training facilities, 2013–2023. Phylogram reveals genetic relatedness of GI ORF2 (VP1) deduced amino acid sequences (+550 bp) for 13 of the 39 norovirus outbreak strains. Outbreak study strains are labeled from left to right as follows: sample identification/location sample was collected/year sample was collected/genogroup and P-type/outbreak number. The 4 facilities, identified by color, were Marine Corps centers in California and South Carolina, a Navy center in Illinois, and an Army center in Missouri. Bootstrap values >70% are indicated at branch nodes where applicable. Scale bar indicates nucleotide substitutions per site. ORF, open reading frame; VP, virus capsid protein.
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