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Volume 30, Number 6—June 2024
Dispatch

Antibodies to Influenza A(H5N1) Virus in Hunting Dogs Retrieving Wild Fowl, Washington, USA

Justin D. BrownComments to Author , Adam Black, Katherine H. Haman, Diego G. Diel, Vickie E. Ramirez, Rachel S. Ziejka, Hannah T. Fenelon, Peter M. Rabinowitz, Lila Stevens, Rebecca Poulson, and David E. Stallknecht
Author affiliations: Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania, USA (J.D. Brown, L. Stevens); Adam Black Veterinary Services, Anacortes, Washington, USA (A. Black); Washington Department of Fish and Wildlife, Olympia, Washington, USA (K.H. Haman); Cornell University College of Veterinary Medicine, Ithaca, New York, USA (D.G. Diel); University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA (V.E. Ramirez, R.S. Ziejka, H.T. Fenelon, P.M. Rabinowitz); University of Georgia College of Veterinary Medicine, Athens, Georgia, USA (R. Poulson, D.E. Stallknecht)

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Table

Data for individual hunting dogs that tested positive for antibodies to H5 and N1 influenza A virus, Washington, USA*

Dog ID Mean S/N Influenza A subtype-specific test results
HI rg BWT HI rg AST H5 (titer) VN rg AST H5 ELLA N1 HI-CIV H3N2 HI-CIV H3N8
HD23-21 0.275 Neg + (32) – + (320) + (8) –
HD23-30 0.345 Neg – + (80) + (>2,560) – –
HD23-135 0.474 Neg – + (40) + (>2,560) – –
HD23-139 0.375 Neg + (1:32) + (320) + (>1,280) – –

*Determined using AI MultiS-Screen AB blocking ELISA (IDEXX Laboratories, https://www.idexx.com), HI assay, virus neutralization, and ELLA. Positive threshold titers for the influenza A subtype-specific tests: H5 HI, >1:32; H5 VN, >1:20; N1 ELLA, >1:80; H3N2 and H3N8 CIV HI assay, ≥1:8. Negative antibody results based on the reported positive threshold titer for each assay. BWT, wild-type (wt) influenza B virus; CIV, canine influenza virus; ELLA, enzyme-linked lectin assay; HI, hemagglutination inhibition; ID, identifier; rg, reverse genetics; N1, A/ruddy turnstone/New Jersey/AI13–2948/2013(H10N1) antigen; rg AST, modified HA and NA antigen from A/Astrakhan/3212/2020(H5N8); rg BWT, HA and NA antigen from A/blue-winged teal/AI12-4150/Texas/2012(H5N2); S/N, ratio of sample to negative control absorbance values; VN, virus neutralization; –, negative antibody result.

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Page created: March 28, 2024
Page updated: May 22, 2024
Page reviewed: May 22, 2024
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