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Volume 31, Number 1—January 2025
Research Letter

Replication Restriction of Influenza A(H5N1) Clade 2.3.4.4b Viruses by Human Immune Factor, 2023–2024

Jakob Ankerhold1, Susanne Kessler1, Martin Beer, Martin Schwemmle, and Kevin CiminskiComments to Author 
Author affiliation: University of Freiburg Spemann Graduate School of Biology and Medicine, Freiburg, Germany (J. Ankerhold); University Medical Centre and Faculty of Medicine Freiburg, Freiburg (J. Ankerhold, S. Kessler, M. Schwemmle, K. Ciminski); Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Greifswald–Insel Riems, Germany (M. Beer)

Main Article

Figure 1

In vitro testing of replication of mammalian influenza A(H5N1) clade 2.3.4.4b isolates against human MxA. MDCK cells overexpressing MxA (MDCK-MxA) or antivirally inactive MxAT103A (MDCK-MxAT103A) were infected with an influenza A isolate at a multiplicity of infection of 0.001; viral titers were determined at the indicated time points. A) Pandemic H1N1. B) KAN-1 H5N1. C) White mink H5N1. D) Blue fox H5N1. E) Cat H5N1. F) Bovine H5N1. Data are mean ± SD of n = 3 independent experiments. Dashed line indicates detection limit. hpi, hours postinfection; MxA, human myxovirus resistance protein 1.

Figure 1. In vitro testing of replication of mammalian influenza A(H5N1) clade 2.3.4.4b isolates against human MxA. MDCK cells overexpressing MxA (MDCK-MxA) or antivirally inactive MxAT103A (MDCK-MxAT103A) were infected with an influenza A isolate at a multiplicity of infection of 0.001; viral titers were determined at the indicated time points. A) Pandemic H1N1. B) KAN-1 H5N1. C) White mink H5N1. D) Blue fox H5N1. E) Cat H5N1. F) Bovine H5N1. Data are mean ± SD of n = 3 independent experiments. Dashed line indicates detection limit. hpi, hours postinfection; MxA, human myxovirus resistance protein 1.

Main Article

1These first authors contributed equally to this article.

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