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Volume 31, Number 2—February 2025
Research Letter

Venezuelan Equine Encephalitis Virus Infection in Nonhuman Primate, Guatemala, 2023

Wendy K. Jo, Marta Piche-Ovares, Lincoln Carranza, Carlo Fischer, Sebastian Brünink, Laura Paul, Alejandro Morales, Fernando Martinez, and Jan Felix DrexlerComments to Author 
Author affiliation: Charité–Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Institute of Virology, Berlin, Germany (W.K. Jo, M. Piche-Ovares, C. Fischer, S. Brünink, L. Paul, J.F. Drexler); Wildlife Rescue and Conservation Association, Flores, Guatemala (L. Carranza, A. Morales, F. Martinez); German Centre for Infection Research, associated partner site Charité, Berlin (W.K. Jo, J.F. Drexler)

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Figure 2

Time-scaled Bayesian maximum-clade credibility tree of Venezuelan equine encephalitis virus subtype IE identified in Central America. Bayesian phylogeny of the concatenated nonstructural and structural open reading frames with removal of the coding regions for the C-terminus of nonstructural protein 3 and N terminus of the capsid protein. Taxa indicate GenBank accession number, country abbreviation, and year of collection. Branch tips indicate host by color coding, including a sequence (strain no. 63Z1) isolated from blood of a sick human infected in the rainforest near Sontecamapan, Veracruz, Mexico, in August 1963 (2). Numbers at nodes indicate posterior probabilities of all major branches. Asterisks indicate clades previously used for dating according to a previous publication (3). Bars in node branches represent the 95% height posterior density intervals of the node ages. Scale bar represents time in years. BLZ, Belize; CRI, Costa Rica; GTM, Guatemala; HND, Honduras; MEX, Mexico; NIC, Nicaragua; PAN, Panama; SLV, El Salvador.

Figure 2. Time-scaled Bayesian maximum-clade credibility tree of Venezuelan equine encephalitis virus subtype IE identified in Central America. Bayesian phylogeny of the concatenated nonstructural and structural open reading frames with removal of the coding regions for the C-terminus of nonstructural protein 3 and N terminus of the capsid protein. Taxa indicate GenBank accession number, country abbreviation, and year of collection. Branch tips indicate host by color coding, including a sequence (strain no. 63Z1) isolated from blood of a sick human infected in the rainforest near Sontecamapan, Veracruz, Mexico, in August 1963 (2). Numbers at nodes indicate posterior probabilities of all major branches. Asterisks indicate clades previously used for dating according to a previous publication (3). Bars in node branches represent the 95% height posterior density intervals of the node ages. Scale bar represents time in years. BLZ, Belize; CRI, Costa Rica; GTM, Guatemala; HND, Honduras; MEX, Mexico; NIC, Nicaragua; PAN, Panama; SLV, El Salvador.

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