Skip directly to site content Skip directly to page options Skip directly to A-Z link Skip directly to A-Z link Skip directly to A-Z link

Disclaimer: Early release articles are not considered as final versions. Any changes will be reflected in the online version in the month the article is officially released.

Volume 31, Number 3—March 2025
Research

A 28-Year Multicenter Cohort Study of Nontuberculous Mycobacterial Lymphadenitis in Children, Spain

Aina Martínez-Planas, Fernando Baquero-Artigao, Ana Méndez-Echevarría, Teresa Del Rosal, Paula Rodríguez-Molino, Carlos Toro-Rueda, Matilde Bustillo-Alonso, Miguel Lafuente, Anna Canet, Ángela Manzanares, Alfredo Tagarro, Francisco José Sanz-Santaeufemia, Sara Guillén-Martín, María José Cilleruelo, Lola Falcón-Neyra, Begoña Santiago, Elena Rincón, Miguel Lillo, Antoni Soriano-Arandes, Luigi Sedda, Clàudia Fortuny, Manuel Monsonís, Julián González-Martín, Marc Tebruegge1, Antoni Noguera-Julian1Comments to Author , and Spanish Pediatric Tb Research Network and The European Nontuberculous Mycobacterial Lymphadenitis In Children Study2
Author affiliation: Institut de Recerca Pediàtrica Sant Joan de Déu, Barcelona, Spain (A. Martínez-Planas, C. Fortuny, M. Monsonís, A. Noguera-Julian); La Paz Research Institute, Madrid, Spain (F. Baquero-Artigao, A. Méndez-Echevarría, T. Del Rosal, P. Rodríguez-Molino); Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid (F. Baquero-Artigao, A. Méndez-Echevarría, T. Del Rosal, P. Rodríguez-Molino); Hospital La Paz, Madrid (F. Baquero-Artigao, A. Méndez-Echevarría, T. Del Rosal, P. Rodríguez-Molino, C. Toro-Rueda); Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red en Enfermedades Infecciosas, Madrid (F. Baquero-Artigao, A. Méndez-Echevarría, P. Rodríguez-Molino, B. Santiago, J. González-Martín); Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red en Enfermedades Raras, Madrid (T. Del Rosal); Hospital Universitario Miguel Servet, Zaragoza, Spain (M. Bustillo-Alonso, M. Lafuente); Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre, Madrid, Spain (A. Canet, A. Manzanares); Instituto de Investigación 12 de Octubre, Madrid (A. Tagarro); Hospital Universitario Infanta Sofía, Madrid (A. Tagarro); Universidad Europea de Madrid, Madrid (A. Tagarro); Hospital Universitario Niño Jesús, Madrid (F.J. Sanz-Santaeufemia); Hospital Universitario de Getafe, Getafe, Spain (S. Guillén-Martín); Hospital Universitario Puerta de Hierro, Majadahonda, Spain (M.J. Cilleruelo); Hospital Virgen del Rocío, Seville, Spain (L. Falcón-Neyra); Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón, Madrid (B. Santiago); Hospital Gregorio Marañón, Madrid (B. Santiago, E. Rincón); Hospital General Universitario de Albacete, Albacete, Spain (M. Lillo); Hospital Vall d'Hebron, Barcelona, Spain (A. Soriano-Arandes); Lancaster University, Lancaster, UK (L. Sedda); Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red en Epidemiología y Salud Pública, Madrid (C. Fortuny, A. Noguera-Julian); Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain (C. Fortuny, A. Noguera-Julian); Hospital Clínic, Barcelona (J. González-Martín); Austrian Reference Centre for Childhood Tuberculosis, Vienna, Austria (M. Tebruegge); Vienna Healthcare Group, Vienna (M. Tebruegge); Royal Children’s Hospital Melbourne, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia (M. Tebruegge); UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, London, UK (M. Tebruegge).

Main Article

Table 2

Complication details during follow-up by initial therapeutic strategy at initial examination of patients from a 28-year multicenter cohort study of NTM lymphadenitis in children, Spain*

Characteristics Observation Antimicrobial drugs alone Drainage
alone		 Drainage + antimicrobial drugs Complete resection alone Complete resection + antimicrobial drugs p value
Need for unplanned treatment 1/25 (4.0) 20/72 (27.8) 3/6 (50.0) 13/29 (44.8) 4/77 (5.2) 11/88 (12.5) 0.033
New fistula formation†
 9/20 (40.0)
 10/61 (16.4)
 2/5 (40.0)
 3/20 (15.0)
 2/71 (2.8)
 10/82 (12.2)
 0.002
Recurrent NTM infection
 0/21 (0)
 1/67 (1.5)
 2/6 (33.3)
 0/27 (0)
 2/76 (2.6)
 10/87 (11.5)
 0.020
Sequelae
None 15/21 (71.4) 48/67 (71.6) 5/6 (83.3) 13/27 (48.1) 55/76 (72.4) 48/87 (55.2) 0.073
Hypertrophic scar 2/21 (9.5) 11/67 (16.4) 1/6 (16.7) 8/27 (29.6) 9/76 (11.8) 21/87 (24.1) 0.244
Skin discoloration 4/21 (19.0) 8/67 (11.9) 0/6 (0) 3/27 (11.1) 5/76 (6.6) 7/87 (8.0) 0.122
Transient facial palsy 0/21 (0) 2/67 (3.0) 0/6 (0) 4/27 (14.8) 8/76 (10.5) 9/87 (10.3) 0.025
Permanent facial palsy 0/21 (0) 1/67 (1.5) 0/6 (0) 0/27 (0) 1/76 (1.3) 5/87 (5.7) 0.089
Facial palsy 0/21 (0) 3/67 (4.5)‡ 0/6 (0) 4/27 (14.8) 9/76 (11.8) 14/87 (16.1) 0.004

*Values are no. patients/total no. evaluated (%). NTM, nontuberculous mycobacteria †Excludes patients with clinical stage grade IV (with fistula) at initial examination. ‡All 3 patients were initially managed only with antimycobacterial antimicrobial drugs, but subsequently underwent surgery; facial palsy developed only after the surgical intervention. Patients with preexisting medical conditions at diagnosis (n = 4) were excluded from this analysis. Groups were compared by using chi-square test

Main Article

1These senior authors contributed equally to this article.

2Members of the European Nontuberculous Mycobacterial Lymphadenitis in Children Study are listed at the end of this article.

Page created: February 04, 2025
Page updated: February 21, 2025
Page reviewed: February 21, 2025
The conclusions, findings, and opinions expressed by authors contributing to this journal do not necessarily reflect the official position of the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, the Public Health Service, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, or the authors' affiliated institutions. Use of trade names is for identification only and does not imply endorsement by any of the groups named above.
file_external