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Volume 31, Number 4—April 2025
Research Letter
Yellow Fever Virus in Mosquitoes from Rainforest Bordering Manaus, Brazil, 2022
Figure

Figure. Vector surveillance at the Adolpho Ducke Forest Reserve as part of a study of yellow fever virus (YFV) in mosquitoes from rainforest bordering Manaus, Brazil, 2022. A) Location of Manaus, the capital of Amazonas state. B) Location of the Adolpho Ducke Forest Reserve bordering the city. Light green dots indicate sites where YFV-positive mosquitoes were collected in Adolpho Ducke Forest Reserve. C) Maximum-likelihood phylogenetic tree of YFV based on complete genome sequences from South America. The tree was reconstructed according to the general time reversible plus empirical base frequencies plus invariable sites plus gamma 4 nucleotide substitution model. We tested the reliability of branching patterns using ultrafast bootstrap approximation combined with a nonparametric approximate likelihood-ratio test in IQ-TREE v.2.0.3 (http://www.iqtree.org) and visualized and edited the tree in FigTree v.1.4.4 (https://github.com/rambaut/figtree). Scale bar indicates branch lengths. SAI, South American I genotype; SAII, South American II genotype; 1A–1E, SAI lineages.
1These first authors contributed equally to this article.