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Volume 31, Number 5—May 2025
Research Letter

Trichophyton indotineae Infection, São Paulo, Brazil, 2024

João Nobrega de AlmeidaComments to Author , Amanda R. dos Santos, Mario Roberto de S. Trindade, Jeremy A. W. Gold, Fernanda P.M. Razo, Sarah S. Gonçalves, Erick G. Dorlass, Renato de Mello Ruiz, Jacyr Pasternak, Cristovão L.P. Mangueira, Silke Uhrlaß, Pietro Nenoff, Shyam B. Verma, André M. Doi, and Marines D.V. Martino
Author affiliation: Federal University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil (J. Nobrega de Almeida Jr); Antimicrobial Resistance Institute of São Paulo, São Paulo (J. Nobrega de Almeida Jr); Hospital Israelita Albert Einstein, São Paulo (J. Nobrega de Almeida Jr, M.R. de S. Trindade, E.G. Dorlass, R. de Mello Ruiz, J. Pasternak, C.L.P. Mangueira, A.M. Doi, M.D.V. Martino); Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA (A.R. dos Santos, J.A.W. Gold); Policlínica Lincoln de Freitas Filho, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil (F.P.M. Razo); Federal University of Espírito Santo, Vitoria, Brazil (S.S. Gonçalves); Labopart Medical Laboratories, Roetha OT Moelbis, Germany (S. Uhrlaß, P. Nenoff); Nirvan and In Skin Clinics, Vadodara, Gujarat, India (S.B. Verma)

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Figure 2

Trichophyton indotineae phylogenetic tree analysis by terbinafine susceptibility profile and country of origin for T. indotineae infection, São Paulo, Brazil, 2024. A) Neighbor-joining phylogenetic tree, which includes terbinafine-resistant and -susceptible T. indotineae isolates belonging to cluster 6. Isolates were considered terbinafine resistant if they had a missense point mutation in the squalene epoxidase (SQLE) gene for Trichophyton spp. linked to terbinafine resistance (5,6). B) Subcluster containing the isolate from the patient in Brazil. Among the 12 isolates in that subcluster, 5 resistant isolates, including an isolate from Germany, had the SQLE substitution F397L. Branch lengths represent the single-nucleotide polymorphism distance between isolates, and leaf colors correspond to the different countries in which each specimen was collected. The neighbor-joining tree and map were visualized together with each sample’s metadata using Microreact version 252 (https://docs.microreact.org). Scale bar represents number of single-nucleotide polymorphisms. TRB, terbinafine.

Figure 2. Trichophyton indotineae phylogenetic tree analysis by terbinafine susceptibility profile and country of origin for T. indotineae infection, São Paulo, Brazil, 2024. A) Neighbor-joining phylogenetic tree, which includes terbinafine-resistant and -susceptible T. indotineae isolates belonging to cluster 6. Isolates were considered terbinafine resistant if they had a missense point mutation in the squalene epoxidase (SQLE) gene for Trichophyton spp. linked to terbinafine resistance (5,6). B) Subcluster containing the isolate from the patient in Brazil. Among the 12 isolates in that subcluster, 5 resistant isolates, including an isolate from Germany, had the SQLE substitution F397L. Branch lengths represent the single-nucleotide polymorphism distance between isolates, and leaf colors correspond to the different countries in which each specimen was collected. The neighbor-joining tree and map were visualized together with each sample’s metadata using Microreact version 252 (https://docs.microreact.org). Scale bar represents number of single-nucleotide polymorphisms. TRB, terbinafine.

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References
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