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Volume 31, Number 7—July 2025

Research Letter

Promising Effects of Duck Vaccination against Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza, France 2023–2024

Claire GuinatComments to Author , Lisa Fourtune, Sébastien Lambert, Eva Martin, Guillaume Gerbier, Andrea Jimenez Pellicer, Jean-Luc Guérin, and Timothée Vergne
Author affiliation: Author affiliations: Interactions Hôtes-Agents Pathogènes, Université de Toulouse, INRAE, ENVT, Toulouse, France (C. Guinat, L. Fourtune, S. Lambert, E. Martin, J.-L. Guérin, T. Vergne); Direction Générale de l’Alimentation, Ministère de l’Agriculture et de la Souveraineté Alimentaire, Paris, France (G. Gerbier, A. Jimenez Pellicer)

Main Article

Figure

Distribution of and predicted numbers of HPAI H5 cases in study of promising effects of duck vaccination against HPAI, France, 2023–2024. A) Temporal distribution of HPAI H5 clade 2.3.4.4b poultry outbreaks in France. Red vertical line indicates start of duck vaccination campaign (October 1, 2023). B) Temporal distribution of HPAI H5 clade 2.3.4.4b wild bird cases in France. C) Predicted number of HPAI H5 poultry farm outbreaks in France as a function of the predictor variable: number of HPAI H5 wild bird cases in region 1 (Norway, Sweden, Finland). Black dots represent observed number of outbreaks in France in 2016–2023. D) Predicted and observed number of HPAI H5 poultry farm outbreaks in France and in heavily affected, nonvaccinating countries in Europe in 2023–2024. Orange stars represent observed numbers; error bars represent 95% prediction intervals. HPAI, highly pathogenic avian influenza.

Figure. Distribution of and predicted numbers of HPAI H5 cases in study of promising effects of duck vaccination against HPAI, France, 2023–2024. A) Temporal distribution of HPAI H5 clade 2.3.4.4b poultry outbreaks in France. Red vertical line indicates start of duck vaccination campaign (October 1, 2023). B) Temporal distribution of HPAI H5 clade 2.3.4.4b wild bird cases in France. C) Predicted number of HPAI H5 poultry farm outbreaks in France as a function of the predictor variable: number of HPAI H5 wild bird cases in region 1 (Norway, Sweden, Finland). Black dots represent observed number of outbreaks in France in 2016–2023. D) Predicted and observed number of HPAI H5 poultry farm outbreaks in France and in heavily affected, nonvaccinating countries in Europe in 2023–2024. Orange stars represent observed numbers; error bars represent 95% prediction intervals. HPAI, highly pathogenic avian influenza.

Main Article

Page created: May 31, 2025
Page updated: June 11, 2025
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