Volume 8, Number 11—November 2002
THEME ISSUE
Tuberculosis Genotyping
Tuberculosis Genotyping Network, United States
Molecular Epidemiology of Tuberculosis in a Sentinel Surveillance Population
Table 4
Designationc | IS6110 copies | Spoligotypec | N | Main effect | Odds ratio estimates (95% CI)b | Wald pb |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
00003c | 1 | 777777777760771 | 40 | Asian/Pacific Islander | 3.70 (1.51% to 9.02%) | 0.004 |
Age | 0.98 (0.96% to 0.99%) | 0.017 | ||||
Foreign-born | 12.4 (3.83% to 39.9%) | <0.0001 | ||||
00129d | 1 | 777777777413771 | 25 | Asian/Pacific Islander | 73.3 (17.0% to 315.6%) | <0.0001 |
Extrapulmonary infection | 2.57 (1.10% to 6.03%) | 0.03 | ||||
00129d | 1 | 777777774413771 | 83 | Asian/Pacific Islander | 282.8 (88.06% to 908.11%) | <0.0001 |
00129d | 1 | 477777777413071 | 23 | Asian/Pacific Islander | 6.34 (1.52% to 26.44%) | 0.01 |
Foreign-born | 10.4 (1.55% to 70.12%) | 0.02 | ||||
00129d | 1 | 777777777413731 | 13 | Asian/Pacific Islander | 13.88 (3.71% to 51.92%) | <0.0001 |
Resistance to first-line drugsd | 3.80 (1.22% to 11.86%) | 0.02 | ||||
00129 | 1 | 777776407760601 | 40 | Female | 2.73 (1.43% to 5.23%) | 0.0025 |
Black, non-Hispanic | 3.57 (1.47% to 8.68%) | 0.005 | ||||
Injecting drug use | 3.81 (1.81% to 8.03%) | 0.0004 | ||||
00016 | 2 | 701776777760601 | 129 | Male | 0.58 (0.40% to 0.84%) | 0.004 |
Black, non-Hispanic | 10.88 (5.48% to 21.6%) | 0.006 | ||||
00016c | 2 | 777776777760771 | 82 | Hispanic | 16.36 (10.15% to 26.37%) | <0.0001 |
00016 | 2 | 037776777760601 | 30 | Age | 1.03 (1.01% to 1.05%) | 0.006 |
Black, non-Hispanic | 7.13 (2.36% to 21.53%) | 0.0005 | ||||
Resident, long-term care facility | 3.67 (1.17% to 11.70%) | 0.026 | ||||
00016d | 2 | 777776777760601 | 175 | U.S.-born | 3.12 (1.85% to 5.26%) | <0.0001 |
Excessive alcohol use | 0.55 (0.37% to 0.83%) | 0.0048 | ||||
00370 | 3 | 700036777760731 | 13 | White, non-Hispanic | 5.20 (1.52% to 17.79%) | 0.0087 |
HIV positive | 5.87 (1.69% to 20.41%) | 0.005 | ||||
Noninjecting drug use | 3.74 (1.17% to 12.01%) | 0.03 | ||||
00017d | 4 | 700076777760771 | 25 | Hispanic | 4.97 (2.16% to 11.44%) | 0.0002 |
00017d | 4 | 777776777760771 | 64 | Hispanic | 15.7 (9.24% to 26.71%) | <0.0001 |
01285 | 4 | 777776777760771 | 20 | Resident, correctional facility | 8.23 (3.08% to 22.01%) | <0.0001 |
00015 | 7 | 28 | Black, non-Hispanic | 7.04 (1.64% to 30.3%) | 0.0087 | |
Injecting drug use | 4.84 (2.11% to 11.09%) | 0.0002 | ||||
Excessive alcohol use | 2.28 (1.02% to 5.13%) | 0.05 | ||||
00768 | 9 | 19 | Black, non-Hispanic | 11.68 (1.54% to 88.87%) | 0.02 | |
Noninjecting drug use | 2.77 (1.11% to 6.92%) | 0.03 | ||||
00242d | 10 | 95 | Male | 2.12 (1.27% to 3.56%) | 0.004 | |
Age | 0.97 (0.96% to 0.98%) | <0.0001 | ||||
U.S.-born | 8.44 (2.63% to 27.09%) | 0.0003 | ||||
Homeless | 3.60 (2.16% to 5.98%) | <0.0001 | ||||
Noninjecting drug use | 0.46 (0.24% to 0.90%) | 0.02 | ||||
00028 | 11 | 70 | Black, non-Hispanic | 17.57 (5.50% to 56.12%) | <0.0001 | |
00159 | 11 | 24 | Excessive alcohol use | 2.76 (1.23% to 6.22%) | 0.01 | |
00325 | 11 | 20 | Age | 1.03 (1.01% to 1.06%) | 0.01 | |
Excessive alcohol use | 3.08 (1.22% to 7.70%) | 0.02 | ||||
00673 | 11 | 25 | Asian/Pacific Islander | 84.6 (19.85 to 361.9%) | <0.0001 | |
00757 | 11 | 16 | Age | 0.90 (0.85% to 0.94%) | <0.0001 | |
HIV positive | 4.86 (1.60% to 14.79%) | 0.005 | ||||
00019c | 12 | 27 | Male | 3.68 (1.10% to 12.39%) | 0.03 | |
White, non-Hispanic | 5.4 (2.35% to 11.08%) | <0.0001 | ||||
00372 | 12 | 20 | Homeless | 6.09 (2.43% to 15.20%) | 0.0001 | |
Resident, long-term care facility | 5.52 (1.535 to 20.0%) | 0.009 | ||||
00035 | 13 | 33 | Black, non-Hispanic | 6.96 (2.3% to 21.0%) | 0.0006 | |
Resistance to second-line drugse | 40.59 (16.5% to 99.85%) | <0.0001 | ||||
00867 | 14 | 20 | Black, non-Hispanic | 11.68 (1.54% to 88.87%) | 0.02 | |
Noninjecting drug use | 2.77 (1.11% to 6.92%) | 0.03 | ||||
01284 | 17 | 46 | Black, non-Hispanic | 2.40 (1.22% to 3.57%) | <0.0001 | |
Pulmonary disease | 0.92 (-0.01% to 1.86%) | 0.054 | ||||
00237c | 21 | 98 | White, non-Hispanic | 2.80 (1.81% to 4.33%) | <0.0001 | |
Excessive alcohol use | 2.09 (1.36% to 3.22%) | 0.0007 | ||||
01693 | 21 | 29 | HIV positive | 3.16 (1.39% to 7.18%) | 0.006 | |
Injecting drug use | 3.08 (1.26% to 7.56%) | 0.014 | ||||
Extrapulmonary disease | 3.99 (1.69, 9.42) | 0.002 | ||||
00027 | 22 | 78 | Black, non-Hispanic | 1.74 (1.05% to 2.90%) | 0.03 | |
Sputum-smear positive | 3.07 (1.75% to 5.39%) | <0.0001 |
aCI, confidence interval.
bOnly genetic clusters that had ≥20 isolates were included in the analysis; some samples sizes are <20 because of missing data among independent variables (Wald 95% confidence intervals given in parentheses). Only genetic clusters with significant predictors are listed. Age was modeled as a continuous variable.
cThe National Tuberculosis Genotyping Surveillance Network (NTGSN) designation for the IS6110 RFLP pattern is represented; spoligotype octal code designations are presented only for those genetic clusters from isolates that had ≤6 copies of IS6110. RFLP patterns and spoligotypes are detailed elsewhere (11).
dsolates observed in ≥ 4 sites over 5 years.
e First-line drug resistance is resistance to at least one of the following: isoniazid, rifampin, ethambutol, or streptomycin. Second-line drug resistance is resistance to one or more of the following: ethionamide, kanamycin, cycloserine, capreomycin, para-amino salicylic acid, amikacin, rifabutin, ciprofloxacin, ofloxacin, or other drugs.
1 Members of the National Tuberculosis Genotyping and surveillance Network Work Group, in addition to the listed authors, included Joseph Bates, William Benjamin, Pablo Bifani, M. Donald Cave, Rebecca Cox, Wendy Cronin, Ed Desmond, Jeffrey Driscoll, Nancy Dunlap, Jennifer Flood, Kashef Ijaz,, Michael Kucab, Barry Kreiswirth, Zary Liu, D. Mitchell Magee, Jeffrey Massey, Ann Miller, Donna Mulcahy, Robert Pratt, Teresa Quitugua, Barbara Schable, Kenneth Shilkret, Harry Taber, Jeffrey Taylor, Sharon Sharnprapai, Sumi Sun, Zhenhua Yang