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Volume 9, Number 5—May 2003
Letter

Virus Isolation and “Acute” West Nile Virus Encephalitis (Response to Huang et al.)

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To the Editor: We read with interest a recent article in your journal, First Isolation of West Nile virus from a Patient with Encephalitis in the United States (1); in the report, we were unable to ascertain indisputable evidence that this patient had indeed acquired acute West Nile virus (WNV) encephalitis. In animals (2,3) and humans (4), West Nile virus can persist in the host even after the host has recovered from an acute WNV infection, presumably more so in the immunocompromised persons. Therefore, in the case described by Huang et al. (1), proving that the patient did not have a history of WNV infection is important, particularly because this pa

tient is from a geographic area where WNV is known to exist. The findings at autopsy of perivascular lymphocyte cuffing in mammillary bodies of the brain are not the classic findings reported during the West Nile encephalitis outbreak in New York City (5). The immunoglobulin (Ig) G antibody against WNV, if it had been present, would have been useful in that IgG antibody in the absence of IgM antibody is indicative of past rather than acute infection.

The WNV copy numbers in clinical samples and clinical indices (leukocyte count) suggest that the virus multiplies in the setting of leukopoenia or immune suppression and cannot be definitive proof that it was an acute infection, unless a negative preillness sample was available. The cause of the transient viremia, whether acutely acquired or from increased proliferation in a chronic infection, needs to be clarified further. In the future, antigen detection will guide patient management decisions; therefore, the possibility of a human chronic carrier state warrants study.

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Vijay K Krishnamoorthy*Comments to Author , Jayashri Bhaskar*, and John N Sheagren*
Author affiliations: *Advocate Illinois Masonic Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois, USA

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References

  1. Huang  C, Slater  B, Rudd  R, Parchuri  N, Hull  R, Dupuis  M, First isolation of West Nile virus from a patient with encephalitis in the United States. Emerg Infect Dis. 2002;8:136771.PubMedGoogle Scholar
  2. Pogodina  VV, Frolova  MP, Malenko  GV, Fokina  GI, Koreshkova  GV, Kiseleva  LL, Study on West Nile virus persistence in monkeys. Arch Virol. 1983;75:7186. DOIPubMedGoogle Scholar
  3. Camenga  DL, Nathanson  N, Cole  GA. Cyclophosphamide-potentiated West Nile viral encephalitis: relative influence of cellular and humoral factors. J Infect Dis. 1974;130:63441.PubMedGoogle Scholar
  4. Southam  CM, Moore  AE. Induced virus infections in man by the Egypt isolates of West Nile virus. Am J Trop Med Hyg. 1954;3:19.PubMedGoogle Scholar
  5. Sampson  BA, Armbrustmacher  V. West Nile encephalitis: the neuropathology of four fatalities. Ann N Y Acad Sci. 2001;951:1728. DOIPubMedGoogle Scholar

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Cite This Article

DOI: 10.3201/eid0905.030018

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Table of Contents – Volume 9, Number 5—May 2003

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Comments

Please use the form below to submit correspondence to the authors or contact them at the following address:

Vijay Kumar Krishnamoorthy, Department of Internal Medicine, Advocate Illinois Masonic Medical Center, 836 West Wellington Street, Chicago, IL 60657, USA; fax: 773-296-5361

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Page created: December 16, 2010
Page updated: December 16, 2010
Page reviewed: December 16, 2010
The conclusions, findings, and opinions expressed by authors contributing to this journal do not necessarily reflect the official position of the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, the Public Health Service, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, or the authors' affiliated institutions. Use of trade names is for identification only and does not imply endorsement by any of the groups named above.
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