Volume 10, Number 1—January 2004
Research
Fluoroquinolones Protective against Cephalosporin Resistance in Gram-negative Nosocomial Pathogens
Table 1
Characteristics of study patients and univariate analysis of outcomea
| Characteristic | Case-patients (n = 282) (%) | Controls (n = 562) (%) | HR (95% CI)b | p |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Mean age (y) | 62.4 | 62.1 | 1.00 (0.99 to 1.01) | 0.82 |
| Male | 156 (55.3) | 296 (52.7) | 1.12 (0.84 to 1.50) | 0.44 |
| No. of coexisting conditions | 0:14 (5.0) | 0:47 (8.4) | 1.22 (1.04 to 1.44) | 0.01 |
| 1:71 (25.2) | 1:155 (27.6) | |||
| 2:111 (39.4) | 2:228 (40.6) | |||
| >3:86 (30.5) | >3:132 (23.5) | |||
| AIDS | 1 (0.4) | 13 (2.3) | 0.15 (0.02 to 1.18) | 0.07 |
| Cardiovascular disease | 205 (72.7) | 404 (71.9) | 1.04 (0.80 to 1. 43) | 0.81 |
| Diabetes mellitus | 124 (44.0) | 259 (46.1) | 0.92 (0.69 to 1.23) | 0.57 |
| Hepatic disease | 66 (23.4) | 86 (15.3) | 1.70 (1.18 to 2.44) | 0.004 |
| Pulmonary disease | 48 (17.0) | 67 (11.9) | 1.52 (1.01 to 2.28) | 0.04 |
| Renal disease | 68 (24.1) | 88 (15.7) | 1.71 (1.20 to 2.44) | 0.003 |
| In intensive care unit during risk period | 161 (57.1) | 207 (36.8) | 2.65 (1.91 to 3.68) | < 0.001 |
| Malignancy | 46 (16.3) | 92 (16.4) | 0.99 (0.67 to 1.47) | 0.97 |
| Surgery during risk period | 164 (58.2) | 229 (40.8) | 2.03 (1.50 to 2.73) | < 0.001 |
| Receipt of β-lactam/ β-lactamase inhibitor | 111 (39.4) | 125 (22.2) | 2.48 (1.77 to 3.49) | < 0.001 |
| Receipt of aminoglycoside | 62 (22.0) | 97 (17.3) | 1.39 (0.95 to 2.04) | 0.09 |
| Receipt of 1st- or 2nd-generation cephalosporin | 117 (41.5) | 195 (34.7) | 1.39 (1.01 to 1.92) | 0.04 |
| Receipt of third-generation cephalosporin | 114 (40.4) | 122 (21.7) | 2.98 (2.07 to 4.27) | < 0.001 |
| Receipt of imipenem | 27 (9.6) | 37 (6.6) | 1.51 (0.87 to 2.62) | 0.14 |
| Receipt of ureidopenicillin | 42 (14.9) | 32 (5.7) | 2.91 (1.77 to 4.77) | < 0.001 |
| Receipt of fluoroquinolone | 23 (8.2) | 79 (14.1) | 0.48 (0.28 to 0.82) | 0.008 |
aOutcome refers to the isolation of third-generation cephalosporin-resistant Enterobacter spp., Pseudomonas aeruginosa, or Klebsiella pneumoniae from a clinical specimen.
bHR, hazard ratio; CI, confidence interval.
1Current affiliation: Epidemiology Unit, Tel Aviv Sourasky Medical Center, Tel Aviv, Israel.
2Current affiliation: Division of Infectious Disease, Johns Hopkins Hospital, Baltimore, Maryland, USA.
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