Volume 11, Number 2—February 2005
Dispatch
Malaria Epidemic and Drug Resistance, Djibouti
Christophe Rogier*
, Bruno Pradines*, H. Bogreau*, Jean-Louis Koeck†‡, Mohamed-Ali Kamil§, and Odile Mercereau-Puijalon¶
, Bruno Pradines*, H. Bogreau*, Jean-Louis Koeck†‡, Mohamed-Ali Kamil§, and Odile Mercereau-Puijalon¶
Table 1
Multiplicity of infections deduced from msp1 and msp2 genotyping and frequency (%) of the Pfdhfr (codons 51, 59, and 108), Pfdhps (codons 436, 437, and 540) and Pfcrt (codon 76) genotypes
| Locus | Period 1 1998 (n = 46) | Period 2 1999 (n = 61) | Period 3 2002 (n = 32) | Total (N = 139) |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| msp1 | ||||
| Mean multiplicity | 1.6 | 1.5 | 1.3 | |
| SD* | 0.7 | 0.7 | 0.5 | |
| No of multiple infections (%) | 23 (50) | 22 (36) | 11 (34) | 56 (40) |
| msp2† | ||||
| Mean multiplicity | 1.4 | 1.2 | 1.1 | |
| SD | 0.7 | 0.4 | 0.4 | |
| No. of multiple infections (%) | 14 (31) | 12 (20) | 2 (6) | 28 (21) |
| msp1 and msp2 | ||||
| Mean multiplicity | 1.8 | 1.6 | 1.4 | |
| SD | 0.7 | 0.7 | 0.6 | |
| No. of multiple infections (%) | 28 (61) | 29 (48) | 12 (38) | 69 (50) |
| Pf dhfr | ||||
| Codon 51 | ||||
| (Wildtype) N | 38 (83) | 60 (98) | 15 (50) | 113 (83) |
| N & I | 3 (6) | 0 | 0 | 3 (2) |
| I | 5 (11) | 1 (2) | 15 (50) | 21 (15) |
| Not genotyped | - | - | 2 | 2 |
| Codon 59 | ||||
| (Wildtype) C | 43 (94) | 61 (100) | 29 (97) | 133 (97) |
| C & R | 1 (2) | 0 | 0 | 1 (1) |
| R | 2 (4) | 0 | 1 (3) | 3 (2) |
| Not genotyped | - | - | 2 | 2 |
| Codon 108 | ||||
| (Wildtype) S | 37 (81) | 60 (98) | 16 (50) | 113 (81) |
| S & N | 2 (4) | 0 | 0 | 2 (2) |
| N | 7 (15) | 1 (2) | 16 (50) | 24 (17) |
| Pf dhps | ||||
| Codon 436 | ||||
| (Wildtype) S | 46 (100) | 52 (93) | 29 (94) | 127 (95) |
| F | 0 | 1 (2) | 0 | 1 (1) |
| A | 0 | 3 (5) | 2 (6) | 5 (4) |
| Not genotyped | – | 5 | 1 | 6 |
| Codon 437 | ||||
| (Wildtype) A | 45 (98) | 54 (96) | 19 (61) | 118 (89) |
| G | 1 (2) | 2 (4) | 12 (39) | 15 (11) |
| Not genotyped | – | 5 | 1 | 6 |
| Codon 540 | ||||
| (Wildtype) K | 44 (96) | 60 (98) | 19 (59) | 123 (88) |
| K & E | 1 (2) | 0 | 0 | 1 (1) |
| E | 1 (2) | 1 (2) | 13 (41) | 15 (11) |
| Pf crt | ||||
| Codon 76 | ||||
| (Wildtype) K | 1 (2) | 1 (2) | 1 (3) | 7 (5) |
| K & T | 3 (7) | 2 (3) | 2 (6) | 3 (2) |
| T | 42 (91) | 58 (95) | 29 (91) | 129 (93) |
*SD, standard deviation; The genotypes at the Pf dhfr, Pf dhps, and Pf crt locus refer to the one-letter symbolized amino acids coded by the codons. A, Alanine; C, Cysteine; F, Phenylalanine; G, Glycine; I, Isoleucine; K, Lysine; N, Asparagine; R, Arginine; S, Serine; T, Threonine.
†msp2 multiplicity estimated on 45 and 59 samples in 1998 and 1999, respectively.
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