Volume 14, Number 1—January 2008
THEME ISSUE
International Polar Year
Research
Sindbis Virus Infection in Resident Birds, Migratory Birds, and Humans, Finland
, Osmo Rätti‡, Eili Huhtamo*, Nathalie Y. Uzcátegui*, J. Pekka Nuorti§, Juha Laakkonen*¶, Tytti Manni*, Pekka Helle#, Antti Vaheri*†, and Olli Vapalahti*†**
Table 2
Migratory birds and Sindbis virus, Finland, 2004 and 2005*
| Common name | Taxonomic name | No. samples (no. positive) | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2004 | 2005 | Total | ||||||
| Jurmo | Tauvo | Lågskär | Tauvo | Kokkola | ||||
| Willow warbler | Phylloscopus trochilus | 29 | 105 | 159 | 155 | 3 | 451 | |
| Garden warbler | Sylvia borin | 1 | 1 | 46 | 2 | 3 | 53 | |
| Spotted flycatcher | Muscicapa striata | 7 | 1 | 36 | 3 | 47 | ||
| Pied flycatcher | Ficedula hypoleuca | 7 | 19 | 13 | 7 | 46 | ||
| Redstart | Phoenicurus phoenicurus | 8 | 16 | 10 | 6 | 40 | ||
| Whitethroat | Sylvia communis | 1 | 34 | 35 | ||||
| Bluethroat | Luscinia svecica | 1 | 30 | 1 | 32 | |||
| Lesser whitethroat | Sylvia curruca | 4 | 24 | 28 | ||||
| Sedge warbler | Acrocephalus schoenobaenus | 3 | 5 | 11 | 19 | |||
| Red-backed shrike | Lanius collurio | 1 | 8 (1) | 5 | 14 | |||
| Robin | Erithacus rubecula | 2 | 2 (1) | 5 | 2 | 11 | ||
| Song thrush | Turdus philomelos | 11 (1) | 11 | |||||
| Blackcap | Sylvia atricapilla | 4 | 6 | 10 | ||||
| Redpoll | Carduelis flammea | 3 | 1 | 2 | 6 | |||
| Other (<5 individuals/species)† | 5 | 5 | 19 | 4 | 33 | |||
| Total | 70 | 196 | 362 | 178 | 30 | 836 | ||
*Sampling was conducted during 2004 in Jurmo and Tauvo and during 2005 in Lågskär Island, Tauvo, and Kokkola. One of the birds sampled was not a migratory bird (willow tit), and 2 birds were not passerines (cuckoo and wryneck). Sindbis virus hemagluttination-inhibition antibodies were detected in 3 (a red-backed shrike, a robin, and a song thrush) of 836 samples.
†<5 birds were available from the following species: chaffinch (Fringilla coelebs) 4 samples, wood warbler (Phylloscopus sibilatrix) 4, icterine warbler (Hippolais icterina) 4, reed bunting (Emberiza schoeniclus) 3, siskin (Carduelis spinus) 3, red-breasted flycatcher (Ficedula parva) 2, thrush nightingale (Luscinia luscinia) 2, chiffchaff (Phylloscopus collybita) 2, willow tit (Parus montanus) 1, wryneck (Jynx torquilla) 1, cuckoo (Cuculus canorus) 1, tree pipit (Anthus trivialis) 1, blackbird (Turdus merula) 1, grasshopper warbler (Locustella naevia) 1, rustic bunting (Emberiza rustica) 1, scarlet rosefinch (Carpodacus erythrinus) 1, and fieldfare (Turdus pilaris) 1.