Skip directly to site content Skip directly to page options Skip directly to A-Z link Skip directly to A-Z link Skip directly to A-Z link
Volume 14, Number 3—March 2008
Dispatch

Protective Effect of Maritime Quarantine in South Pacific Jurisdictions, 1918–19 Influenza Pandemic

Melissa A. McLeod*, Michael G. Baker*, Nick Wilson*Comments to Author , Heath Kelly†, Tom Kiedrzynski‡, and Jacob L. Kool§
Author affiliations: *University of Otago, Wellington, New Zealand; †Victorian Infectious Diseases Reference Laboratory, Melbourne, Australia; ‡Secretariat of the Pacific Community, Noumea, New Caledonia; §World Health Organization Office for the South Pacific, Suva, Fiji;

Main Article

Figure

Comparison of attributable mortality rate from pandemic influenza versus time of arrival of influenza into South Pacific Island jurisdictions for the pandemic beginning in 1918. Sources for mortality data with wave-specific crude mortality rates per 1,000 population (r) from pandemic influenza: American Samoa (r = 0) (7,8); Australia (Continental) (r = 2.4) (9); Fiji (r = 52) (2); Guam (r = 45) (8,10); Nauru (r = 160) (3); New Caledonia (r<10) (11); New Zealand (r = 7.4) (12); Samoa (r = 220) (2); Tahiti (r = 190) (13); Tasmania (r = 0.81) (6); and Tonga (r = 840) (2). Sources for date of pandemic influenza arrival data (where different from the source of the mortality data detailed above): Australia (Continental) (5). Blue square, strict maritime quarantine; red diamond, incomplete maritime quarantine; green circle, no border control.

Figure. Comparison of attributable mortality rate from pandemic influenza versus time of arrival of influenza into South Pacific Island jurisdictions for the pandemic beginning in 1918. Sources for mortality data with wave-specific crude mortality rates per 1,000 population (r) from pandemic influenza: American Samoa (r = 0) (7,8); Australia (Continental) (r = 2.4) (9); Fiji (r = 52) (2); Guam (r = 45) (8,10); Nauru (r = 160) (3); New Caledonia (r<10) (11); New Zealand (r = 7.4) (12); Samoa (r = 220) (2); Tahiti (r = 190) (13); Tasmania (r = 0.81) (6); and Tonga (r = 840) (2). Sources for date of pandemic influenza arrival data (where different from the source of the mortality data detailed above): Australia (Continental) (5). Blue square, strict maritime quarantine; red diamond, incomplete maritime quarantine; green circle, no border control.

Main Article

References
  1. Uscher-Pines  L, Omer  SB, Barnett  DJ, Burke  TA, Balicer  RD. Priority setting for pandemic influenza: an analysis of national preparedness plans. PLoS Med. 2006;3:e436. DOIPubMedGoogle Scholar
  2. Herda  P. The 1918 influenza pandemic in Fiji, Tonga and the Samoas. In: Bryder L, Dow D, editors. New countries and old medicine: proceedings of an international conference on the history of medicine and health. Auckland, New Zealand: Pyramid Press, 1995.
  3. Tomkins  S. The influenza epidemic of 1918–1919 in Western Samoa. J Pac Hist. 1992;27:181–97.
  4. Clarke  A. Annual report 1918–1919. In: Department of Public Health. Hobart (Tasmania): Government Printer; 1919.
  5. McQueen  H. “Spanish ’flu”–1919: political, medical and social aspects. Med J Aust. 1975;1:565–70.PubMedGoogle Scholar
  6. Morris  E. Annual report 1919–1920. In: Department of Public Health. Hobart (Tasmania): Government Printer; 1920.
  7. Ravenholt  RT, Foege  WH. 1918 influenza, encephalitis lethargica, parkinsonism. Lancet. 1982;320:860–4. DOIPubMedGoogle Scholar
  8. Crosby  A. America’s forgotten pandemic: the influenza of 1918. Cambridge (UK): Cambridge University Press; 2003.
  9. Patterson  KD, Pyle  G. The geography and mortality of the 1918 influenza pandemic. Bull Hist Med. 1991;65:4–21.PubMedGoogle Scholar
  10. Underwood  JH. Effects of the 1918 influenza pandemic mortality experience on subsequent fertility of the native population of Guam. Micronesica. 1984;19:1–10.PubMedGoogle Scholar
  11. Peltier  F. L’épidémie d’influenza qui a sévi en Nouvelle Calédonie en 1921. Bulletin de l’Office International d'Hygiène Publique. 1922;14:676–85.
  12. Rice  G. Black November: the 1918 influenza pandemic in New Zealand. Christchurch (New Zealand): Canterbury University Press; 2005.
  13. Allard  M. L’épidémie d’influenza de 1918–1919 dans les colonies françaises. IV. - Colonies françaises de l’Océanie. AMedPhC. 1922;20:66–72.
  14. Holman  W. Proclamation of N.S.W. Government regulations to control the epidemic. The Sydney Morning Herald. 1919 3 Feb.
  15. Berlioz-Arthaud  A, Barr  IG. Laboratory-based influenza surveillance in New Caledonia, 1999–2003. Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg. 2005;99:290–300. DOIPubMedGoogle Scholar
  16. Reports on public health and medical subjects no. 4: report on the pandemic of influenza 1918–19. London: Her Majesty’s Stationary Office; 1920.

Main Article

Page created: July 07, 2010
Page updated: July 07, 2010
Page reviewed: July 07, 2010
The conclusions, findings, and opinions expressed by authors contributing to this journal do not necessarily reflect the official position of the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, the Public Health Service, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, or the authors' affiliated institutions. Use of trade names is for identification only and does not imply endorsement by any of the groups named above.
file_external