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Volume 16, Number 4—April 2010
Dispatch

Hypervirulent Clostridium difficile Strains in Hospitalized Patients, Canada1

Michael R. MulveyComments to Author , David A. Boyd, Denise Gravel, Jim Hutchinson, Sharon Kelly, Allison McGeer, Dorothy Moore, Andrew Simor, Kathryn N. Suh, Geoff Taylor, J. Scott Weese, Mark A. Miller, and the Canadian Nosocomial Infection Surveillance Program
Author affiliations: Public Health Agency of Canada, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada (M.R. Mulvey, D.A. Boyd); Public Health Agency of Canada, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada (D. Gravel); Health Sciences Centre, St. John’s, Newfoundland and Labrador, Canada (J. Hutchinson and S. Kelly); Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada (A. McGeer); Montreal Children's Hospital, Montreal, Quebec, Canada (D. Moore); Sunnybrook Health Science Centre, Toronto (A. Simor); The Ottawa Hospital, Ottawa (K.N. Suh); University of Alberta Hospital, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada (G. Taylor); University of Guelph, Geulph, Ontario, Canada (J.S. Weese); and Jewish General Hospital, Montreal (M. Miller)

Main Article

Table 2

Epidemiologic information from hospitalized patients with Clostridium difficile infection, Canada, 2004–2008*

Year and patient ID Province Age, y/sex Source Severe CDI† Outcome‡
2004–2005
O1-0059 Ontario 62/M Healthcare-associated No Discharged
O2-0053 Ontario 35/M Community-onset No Died-not attrib
O3-0042 Ontario 64/F Community-onset No Discharged
Q1-0028 Quebec 66/M Healthcare-associated Yes Died-attrib
H1-0040 Nova Scotia 70/M Healthcare-associated No Discharged
S1-0054 Saskatchewan 72/M Community-onset No Discharged
S1-0063 Saskatchewan 82/M Community-onset Yes Discharged
O7-0121
 Ontario
 74/M
 Healthcare-associated
 No
 Survived-hosp
2007
O1-7-0011 Ontario 87/M Community-onset No Survived-hosp
O4-7-0011 Ontario 82/M Community-onset Yes Died-contrib
Q1-7-0017 Quebec 40/F Healthcare-associated No Discharged
O8B-7-0002 Ontario 65/M Healthcare-associated No Died-not attrib
Q5-7-0013
 Quebec
 71/M
 Healthcare-associated
 No
 Discharged
2008
B1-8-0052 British Columbia 44/F Healthcare-associated No Discharged
B1-8-0059 British Columbia 73/M Healthcare-associated No Discharged
A3-8-0022 Alberta 38/F Community-onset No Discharged
O2B-8-0015 Ontario 75/F Community-onset No Survived-hosp
Q1-8-0008 Quebec 81/M Healthcare-associated No Died-not attrib
O5-8-0001 Ontario 2/M Healthcare-associated No Discharged

*ID, identification; CDI, Clostridium difficile infection; Died-not attrib, death not attributable to CDI; Died-attrib, death directly attributable to CDI; Survived-hosp, patient survived but was still in a hospital at endpoint; Died-contrib, CDI indirectly contributed to death.
†Required admission to intensive care unit due to CDI, received a colectomy, or died.
‡At 30 days after diagnosis of CDI.

Main Article

1Parts of this study were presented at the 48th Interscience Conference on Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy/46th Infectious Disease Society of America meeting in Washington DC, USA, October 25–28, 2008.

2Members of the Canadian Nosocomial Infection Surveillance Program who contributed data are listed at the end of this article.

Members of the Canadian Nosocomial Infection Surveillance Program who participated in the surveillance for C. difficile infection: Elizabeth Bryce, Vancouver General Hospital, Vancouver, British Columbia; John Conly, Foothills Medical Centre, Calgary, Alberta; John Embil, Health Sciences Centre, Winnipeg, Manitoba; Joanne Embree, Health Sciences Centre, Winnipeg; Sarah Forgie, Stollery Children’s Hospital, Edmonton, Alberta; Charles Frenette, McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, Quebec; Camille Lemieux, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario; Elizabeth Henderson, Peter Lougheed Centre, Calgary; Michael John, London Health Sciences Centre, London, Ontario; Lynn Johnston, QEII Elizabeth Health Sciences Centre, Halifax, Nova Scotia; Pamela Kibsey, Victoria General Hospital, Victoria, British Columbia; Joanne Langley, IWK Health Centre, Halifax; Mark Loeb, Hamilton Health Sciences Corporation, Hamilton, Ontario; Anne Matlow, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto; Sophie Michaud, CHUS-Hôpital Fleurimont, Sherbrooke, Quebec; Marianne Ofner, Centre for Communicable Diseases and Infection Control, Public Health Agency of Canada, Ottawa, Ontario; Virginia Roth, The Ottawa Hospital, Ottawa; Eva Thomas, Children’s and Women’s Health Center, Vancouver; William Thompson, South East Regional Health Authority, Moncton, New Brunswick; Nathalie Turgeon, Hôtel-Dieu de Québec du CHUQ, Quebec, Quebec; Mary Vearncombe, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Toronto; Karl Weiss, Maisonneuve-Rosemont Hospital, Montreal; Alice Wong, Royal University Hospital, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan; Dick Zoutman, Kingston General Hospital, Kingston, Ontario.

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Page updated: December 28, 2010
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The conclusions, findings, and opinions expressed by authors contributing to this journal do not necessarily reflect the official position of the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, the Public Health Service, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, or the authors' affiliated institutions. Use of trade names is for identification only and does not imply endorsement by any of the groups named above.
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