Skip directly to site content Skip directly to page options Skip directly to A-Z link Skip directly to A-Z link Skip directly to A-Z link
CDC’s website is being modified to comply with President Trump’s Executive Orders.
Volume 16, Number 6—June 2010
Letter

Toscana Virus Infection Imported from Elba into Switzerland

Martin Gabriel, Christiane Resch, Stephan Günther, and Jonas Schmidt-ChanasitComments to Author 
Author affiliations: Bernhard Nocht Institute for Tropical Medicine, Hamburg, Germany (M. Gabriel, S. Günther, J. Schmidt-Chanasit); Basel University Medical Clinic, Liestal, Switzerland (C. Resch)

Main Article

Figure

Bayesian phylogenetic tree of Toscana virus (TOSV) and Sandfly fever Naples virus (SFNV) strains. For each sequence used, GenBank accession number, strain designation, and strain origin are shown. Phylognetic analysis was performed by using MrBayes 3.0 program (4) with a general time reversible substitution model. Substitution rates were assumed to follow a gamma plus invariants distribution. Three heated chains and a single cold chain were used in all Markov Chain Monte Carlo analyses, which we

Figure. Bayesian phylogenetic tree of Toscana virus (TOSV) and Sandfly fever Naples virus (SFNV) strains. For each sequence used, GenBank accession number, strain designation, and strain origin are shown. Phylognetic analysis was performed by using MrBayes 3.0 program (4) with a general time reversible substitution model. Substitution rates were assumed to follow a gamma plus invariants distribution. Three heated chains and a single cold chain were used in all Markov Chain Monte Carlo analyses, which were run for 1,000,000 generations, sampling 1 tree every 100 generations. Trees obtained before convergent and stable likelihood values were discarded (i.e., a 2,500 tree burn-in). Four independent runs, each started from different, randomly chosen trees, were performed to assess convergence. Posterior probabilities for nodes were assembled from all post burn-in trees (i.e., 30,004 trees per analysis). Posterior probabilities are shown on each node. Scale bar indicates nucleotide substitutions per site. The newly described TOSV sequence from Elba is shown in boldface.

Main Article

References
  1. Charrel  RN, Gallian  P, Navarro-Mari  JM, Nicoletti  L, Papa  A, Sánchez-Seco  MP, Emergence of Toscana virus in Europe. Emerg Infect Dis. 2005;11:1657–63.PubMedGoogle Scholar
  2. Dionisio  D, Esperti  F, Vivarelli  A, Valassina  M. Epidemiological, clinical and laboratory aspects of sandfly fever. Curr Opin Infect Dis. 2003;16:383–8. DOIPubMedGoogle Scholar
  3. Weidmann  M, Sanchez-Seco  MP, Sall  AA, Ly  PO, Thiongane  Y, Lô  MM, Rapid detection of important human pathogenic Phleboviruses. J Clin Virol. 2008;41:138–42. DOIPubMedGoogle Scholar
  4. Ronquist  F, Huelsenbeck  JP. Mrbayes 3: Bayesian phylogenetic inference under mixed models. Bioinformatics. 2003;19:1572–4. DOIPubMedGoogle Scholar
  5. Dobler  G, Treib  J, Haass  A, Frösner  G, Woesner  R, Schimrigk  K. Toscana virus infection in German travellers returning from the Mediterranean. Infection. 1997;25:325. DOIPubMedGoogle Scholar
  6. Sonderegger  B, Hachler  H, Dobler  G, Frei  M. Imported aseptic meningitis due to Toscana virus acquired on the island of Elba, Italy, August 2008. Euro Surveill. 2009;14:pii=19079.
  7. Charrel  RN, Moureau  G, Temmam  S, Izri  A, Marty  P, Parola  P, Massilia virus, a novel Phlebovirus (Bunyaviridae) isolated from sandflies in the Mediterranean. Vector Borne Zoonotic Dis. 2009;9:519–30. DOIPubMedGoogle Scholar
  8. Collao  X, Palacios  G, Sanbonmatsu-Gámez  S, Pérez-Ruiz  M, Negredo  AI, Navarro-Marí  JM, Genetic diversity of Toscana virus. Emerg Infect Dis. 2009;15:574–7. DOIPubMedGoogle Scholar
  9. Towards regional economic development 2006/2010. Tourism and innovations objectives and instruments [in Italian]. 2006 [cited 2010 Apr 1]. http://www.provincia.livorno.it/economia/turismo/forumturismo2006/FormatLivorno4aprile2006.pdf

Main Article

Page created: February 10, 2011
Page updated: February 10, 2011
Page reviewed: February 10, 2011
The conclusions, findings, and opinions expressed by authors contributing to this journal do not necessarily reflect the official position of the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, the Public Health Service, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, or the authors' affiliated institutions. Use of trade names is for identification only and does not imply endorsement by any of the groups named above.
file_external