Volume 5, Number 1—February 1999
Dispatch
Household Transmission of Streptococcus pneumoniae, Alberta, Canada
Table
Couple A | Couple B | Couple C | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Feature | Patient 1 | Patient 2 | Patient 1 | Patient 2 | Patient 1 | Patient 2 |
Age (yrs) | 62 | 61 | 72 | 71 | 39 | 37 |
Chronic conditions | Hypertension diabetes | Gout 3 previous MIsa | Hypertension CADb | COPDc | Recurrent sinusitis | Recurrent sinusitis |
Smoker | No | No | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes |
S. pneumoniae vaccine | No | No | Unknown | Unknown | No | No |
Recent antibiotics | None | None | Unknown | Unknown | >3 courses in previous year | >3 courses in previous year |
Others in home | None | None | None | None | None | None |
Initial complaints | URTId symptoms, cough, fever | URTId symptom, cough, fevers | URTId symptoms, cough, fever chest pain | URTId symptoms, cough, fever chest pain, eye discharge | Burn, recent URTId symptoms,cough fever | Burn, recent URTId,symptoms,cough fever |
Physical exam | Febrile,↑ HRe, ↑RRf, severe distress, ↓breath sounds | Febrile, ↑HRe, ↑RRf, ↓breath sounds | Febrile, ↑HRe, RRf,↓breath sounds, ↓O2 saturation | Febrile, ↑HRe,↑RRf, ↓breath sounds | Febrile, ↑dis- tress on venti- lator, ↓breath sounds, crepitations | Febrile, ↑dis- tress on venti- lator, ↓breath sounds, crepitations |
Chest X-ray (admission or as noted) | Right upper lobe consolidation | Right lower lobe consolidation | Bibasilar consolidation | Extensive right-sided consolidation | Day 3 –extensive bilateral consolidation | Day 2 – extensive bilateral consolidation |
Admitting diagnosis | Right lobe pneumonia | Bilateral pneumonia | Pneumonia | Lobar pneumonia | Burn | Burn |
Discharge diagnosis | Right upper lobe pneumonia | Right lower lobe pneumonia | Pneumonia | Lobar pneumonia | Burn complicated by pneumonia | Burn complicated by pneumonia fatal sepsis |
Complications | Empyema, osteomyelitis | None | None | None | None | Died |
Source of isolate | Day 1–blood | Day 1–blood | Day 1–sputum (4+i) | Day 1–sputum (3+i) | Day 3–ETTg (4+i) | Day 2–BALh (105 CFU/mLi) |
Gram stain | Not applicable | Not applicable | GPC resembling S. pneumoniaej | GPC resem- bling S. pneu- moniaej, GNBk | GPC resembling S. pneumoniaej | GPC resembling S. pneumoniaej |
Other potential pathogens when pneumonia diagnosed | None | None | None | H. influenzae (3+i) | GNBk | H. influenzae (103 CFU/mLi) |
Antibiotic susceptibilityl | ||||||
Penicillin | 2 R | 1.5 I | 1.5 R | 2 I | 1.5 I | 1 I |
Cefuroxime | 4 R | 6 R | 3 R | 4 R | 6 R | 4 R |
Ceftriaxone | 1 I | 0.5 S | 0.75 S | 0.38 S | 0.75 S | 0.75 S |
TMP/SMXm | >32 R | >32 R | >32 R | >32 R | >32 R | >32 R |
Erythromycin | 0.25 S | 0.25 S | 16 R | 16 R | 0.25 S | 0.25 S |
Serotype | 14 | 14 | 9V | 9V | 9V | 9V |
PFGE patternn | AA | AA | BB | BB | BC | BC |
aMyocardial infarction.
bCoronary artery disease.
cChronic obstructive pulmonary disease.
dUpper respiratory tract infection.
eHeart rate.
fRespiratory rate.
gEndotracheal tube.
hBronchoalveolar lavage.
iFor sputum or ETT aspirates, 3+ & 4+ reflect growth on the third and fourth set of streaks, respectively, on the culture plate; for BAL, sample fluid is an approximately 100-fold dilution of lung fluid.
jGram-positive lancet-shaped cocci found singly, in pairs or in short chains.
kGram-negative coccobacilli.
lAntibiotic susceptibilities reported as MIC (micrograms/mL) and as S (susceptible), I (intermediate) or R (resistant) (NCCLS criteria).
mTMP/SMX (trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole).
nPulsed-field gel electrophoresis.
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