Volume 5, Number 3—June 1999
Research
Tuberculosis in the Caribbean: Using Spacer Oligonucleotide Typing to Understand Strain Origin and Transmission
Christophe Sola, Anne Devallois, Lionel Horgen, Jérôme Maïsetti, Ingrid Filliol, Eric Legrand, and Nalin Rastogi
Table 3
Molecular fingerprinting and epidemiologic information from spoligotyping-defined clusters shown in Figure 7a
| Spoligotype no. meth. 1 | No. of strains harboring this type | No. of strains typed by |
Summary of results obtained by molecular typing methodsb | Clinical and epidemiologic data, origin, observations | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| IS6110 RFLP meth.2 | DR RFLP meth.3 | DRE PCR meth.4 | ||||
| 1 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | Different by meth. 2, Beijing IS6110 pattern | Found in Surinam and Guadeloupe |
| 2 | 9 | 9 | 2 | 8 | No subcluster by PGRS-RFLP: all strains identical by meth. 2 and 4 IS-type J and by PGRS-RFLP | 2 patients from hospital A and 2 from B + 2 patients with same surnames |
| 3 | 3 | 3 | 1 | 3 | 2/3 strains identical by meth. 2, 3, and 4, IS-type P | Found in Surinam and Guadeloupe, 2 patients from hospital A |
| 5 | 2 | 1 | 1 | 2 | 2/2 strains identical by meth. 2 and 4, IS type not yet defined | Found in Martinique and Guadeloupe, no evident epidemiologic link |
| 12 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 1 | One spacer difference with type 14, identical by meth. 2 and 3, IS-type A | Very common pattern, represent both active transmission and reactivation |
| 13 | 2 | 2 | 2 | ND | One spacer difference with type 14, identical by meth. 2 and 3, IS-type A | Suspicion of cross-contamination (sampling in the same hospital in 3 days) |
| 14 | 15 | 15 | 13 | 8 | Identical by meth. 2 and 3, identical by method 4 (one band), IS-type A | Very common pattern, represent both active transmission and reactivation |
| 15 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2/2 strains identical by meth. 2, 3, and 4, IS-type C | Imported cluster (Surinam or Dominican Republic) |
| 17 | 6 | 6 | 1 | 5 | Subclustered by PGRS-RFLP: 17B, 2 strains identical by meth. 2, 3 and 4, IS-type N | 17B found in 2 Guadeloupean patients hospitalized in same hospital B |
| 29 | 5 | 5 | 4 | 5 | 5/5 strains identical by meth. 2, 3, and 4, IS-type B | 3 of 5 Guadeloupean patients hospitalized in same hospital B |
| 30 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2/2 strains identical by meth. 2, 3, and 4 | 2 patients from the same part of Guadeloupe |
| 31 | 2 | 2 | 1 | 1 | 2/2 strains different by meth. | 2 Found in French Guiana and in Guadeloupe, no epidemiologic link |
| 33 | 2 | ND | ND | 2 | 2/2 strains different by meth. 4 | Found in French Guiana, no epidemiologic link |
| 34 | 2 | 2 | 1 | 2 | 2/2 strains identical by meth. 4, method 2: inconclusive, under investigation | Patients from French Guiana, suspected to be epidemiologically linked |
| 42 | 3 | 3 | 1 | 3 | 3/3 strains different by meth. 2 and 4 | Found in Guadeloupe (one patient) and French Guiana (2 patients), no link |
| 44 | 2 | 2 | ND | 2 | 2/2 strains identical by meth. 2 and 4 | 2 patients from St. Maarten (couple) |
| 45 | 6 | 1 | ND | 4 | 4/6 strains identical by meth. 4. (2: pending) | 5 patients from Martinique, one from Guadeloupe, under investigation |
| 46 | 3 | 1 | ND | 3 | 2/3 strains identical by meth. 4 | Found in a Martinique and a Guadeloupe patient, under investigation |
| 50c | 29 | 16 | 8 | 20 | Subclustered by meth. 2, 4 and PGRS-RFLP, IS-type E (3 pat.) and F (2 pat) | Imported clusters (Haïti), other links under investigation |
| 51 | 4 | 3 | 2 | 3 | 2/4 strains identical by meth. 2 and 4 (2: pending) | Imported cluster (Haïti) for 2 patients, other links under investigation |
| 53c | 29 | 10 | 8 | 20 | Subclustered by meth. 2, 4 and PGRS, IS-type K (2 pat.) and T (3 pat.) | Patients from cluster T come from the same ward of hospital A, 1996 |
| 61 | 2 | 2 | 1 | 1 | 2/2 strains identical by PGRS-RFLP, IS results: under investigation | Found in French Guiana in Guadeloupe, under investigation |
| 63 | 2 | 2 | 1 | 2 | 2/2 strains identical by meth. 2 and 4, IS-type R | 2 patients from hospital A in Guadeloupe, under investigation |
| 64 | 1 | 1 | ND | 1 | *** | 2 isolates from one single patient |
| 65 | 2 | ND | ND | ND | (Results pending) | Found in French Guiana, under investigation |
| 66 | 2 | 2 | ND | 2 | 2/2 strains identical by meth. 2 and 4 | Found in French Guiana, same surname |
| 67 | 2 | 1 | ND | 2 | 2/2 strains identical by meth. 2 and PGRS-RFLP | Found in French Guiana, under investigation |
| 68 | 2 | 1 | ND | ND | (Results pending) | Found in one Martinique patient and in Barbados, under investigation |
aOf 218 isolates typed, 145 isolates were grouped in 27 distinct spoligo-defined clusters, which were further analyzed by one or more typing methods—IS6110-RFLP (meth. 2), DR-RFLP (meth. 3), and DRE-PCR (meth.4), and sometimes PGRS-RFLP when DRE-PCR or IS6110-RFLP results were inconclusive or unavailable.
bIsolates with matching spoligotypes and matching IS6110 patterns (meth. 1 and 2) or with matching spoligotypes and matching DRE-PCR patterns (meth. 1 and 4) were considered to make up a cluster of epidemiologically associated strains.
c Noninformative spoligotype patterns that lack any discriminating power.
*** Two clinical isolates from a single patient.
RFLP, restriction fragment length polymorphism; DR, direct repeat; DRE, double-repetitive element; PCR, polymerase chain reaction; PGRS, polymorphic GC-rich probe; ND, not done.
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