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Volume 8, Number 3—March 2002
Research

The Relationship between Antimicrobial Use and Antimicrobial Resistance in Europe

Stef L.A.M. Bronzwaer*Comments to Author , Otto Cars†, Udo Buchholz*, Sigvard Mölstad‡, Wim Goettsch*, Irene K. Veldhuijzen*, Jacob L. Kool*, Marc J.W. Sprenger*, John E. Degener§, and participants in the European Antimicrobial Resistance Surveillance System
Author affiliations: *National Institute of Public Health and the Environment, Bilthoven, the Netherlands; †Swedish Institute for Infectious Disease Control, Solna, Sweden; ‡The Nepi Foundation, Malmö, Sweden; §Groningen University Hospital, Groningen, the Netherlands;

Main Article

Table

Number of submitting laboratories, number of isolates of Streptococcus pneumoniae, number (#) and percent (%R) of penicillin nonsusceptible S. pneumoniae isolates, logodds of resistance (ln(%R/[1-%R]), and outpatient sales of beta-lactam antibiotics and macrolides

Country No. of labora-tories No. of S. pneumoniae isolates Penicillin nonsusceptible S. pneumoniae Outpatient sales of antibiotics in DDDa/1,000 inhabitants/day
No. %R (95% CI) ln (%R/[1-%R]) Beta-lactam antibiotics Macrolides
Austria - - - - - 6 3.7
Belgium 96 940 131 14 (12-16) -1.82 14 4.1
Denmark - - - - - 7 2
Finland 11 211 8 4 (2-8) -3.18 8[REMOVED ADVANCE FIELD] [REMOVED ADVANCE FIELD]1.9
[REMOVED ADVANCE FIELD]France [REMOVED ADVANCE FIELD]- [REMOVED ADVANCE FIELD]- [REMOVED ADVANCE FIELD]- [REMOVED ADVANCE FIELD]- [REMOVED ADVANCE FIELD]- 24[REMOVED ADVANCE FIELD] [REMOVED ADVANCE FIELD]6.0
Germany 15 222 4 2 (1-5) -3.89 5 2.5
Iceland 2 54 1 2 (0-11) -3.89 Not available Not available
Ireland 12 157 30 19 (13-26) -1.45 11 2.5
Italy 46 194 26 13 (9-19) -1.87 15 5.1
Luxembourg 1 11 2 18 (3-52) -1.52 14 4.7
Netherlands 20 760 8 1 (0-2) -4.6 4 1.2
Portugal 12 134 25 19 (13-27) -1.45 16 3.7
Spain 76 1,240 418 34 (31-36) -0.66 21 5.9
Sweden 24 706 21 3 (2-5) -3.48 8 1
United Kingdom 22 243 21 9 (6-13) -2.31 9 3.2

aDDD = defined daily doses; CI = confidence interval.

Main Article

Page created: July 15, 2010
Page updated: July 15, 2010
Page reviewed: July 15, 2010
The conclusions, findings, and opinions expressed by authors contributing to this journal do not necessarily reflect the official position of the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, the Public Health Service, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, or the authors' affiliated institutions. Use of trade names is for identification only and does not imply endorsement by any of the groups named above.
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