Skip directly to site content Skip directly to page options Skip directly to A-Z link Skip directly to A-Z link Skip directly to A-Z link
Volume 8, Number 8—August 2002
Synopsis

Worldwide Occurrence of Beijing/W Strains of Mycobacterium tuberculosis: A Systematic Review

Judith R. Glynn*Comments to Author , Jennifer Whiteley*, Pablo J. Bifani†, Kristin Kremer, and Dick van Soolingen
Author affiliations: *London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK; †Institut Pasteur de Lille, France; and ‡National Institute of Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), Bilthoven, the Netherlands;

Main Article

Table 2

Prevalence of Beijing and W-like strains in studies not based on spoligotypinga

Reference Setting Yrs Population New TB or new + old Typing methods and definitions used Prevalence of Beijing strain
N/N (%)
Asia
23 Henan Province, China ? No information given ? RFLP +3.6kb Pvu II fragment 59/64 (92)
23 Philippines ? No information given ? RFLP +3.6kb Pvu II fragment 34/34 (100)
23 Hanoi, Vietnam ? No information given ? RFLP +3.6kb Pvu II fragment 20/50 (40)
23 Korea 1995 No information given ? RFLP +3.6kb Pvu II fragment 99/138 (72)
23 Thailand ? No information given ? RFLP +3.6kb Pvu II fragment 31/49 (63)
24 Bangkok Nonthaburi, Thailand 1994–1995 Patients from 3 hospitals ? how selected. Half extrapulmonary ? Both RFLP + comparison with Dutch database 80/211 (37)
23 Malaysia ? No information given ? RFLP +3.6kb Pvu II fragment 17/48 (35)
25 Malaysia 1993–1994 Random 3% sample from whole population ? Both RFLP “similar” to Beijing family 83/439 (19)
Africa
26 Cape Town, South Africa 1993–1997 Whole population Both RFLP “strain U”, (W-like)
Two closely related patterns only 17/650 (2.6)
USA
27 New York City 1992–1994 Patients from 5 hospitals ? Both RFLP, strain W only 6/302 (2.0)
3 New York City 1990–1995 ? selection method ? Both RFLP, “W-like” 273/1,953 (14)
28 Central Los Angeles 1994–1996 Consecutive patients ? Both RFLP, strain 210 (W-related) 43/162 (27)
29 California 1992–1995 All cases from specific locations ? Both RFLP, strain 210 (W-related) 39/522 (7)
16/546 (3)
2/256 (0.8)
Texas 1993–1995
Colorado 1989–1994
2 United States (excluding NY) and Puerto Rico 1992–1997 All notified cases Both RFLP and/or PCR probe. Multidrug resistant W only 23/104,549 (0.02)
South America
30 Buenaventura, Colombia 1997–1998 34 treatment failure + 73 new
? selection method Both RFLP + PCR probe. “Similar” to W 11/107 (10)
(? 8 in new)

aN/N, number with Beijing strain/total number of patient; ?, not clear from report; the different typing methods are described in the introduction. RFLP restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) using IS6110. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) probe is a multiplex PCR probe targeted at specific insertions. The 3.6 kb pvuII fragment was identified by IS1081 fingerprinting.

Main Article

References
  1. Hewlett  D Jr, Franchini  D, Horn  D, Alfalla  C, Yap  R, Di Pietro  D, Outbreak of multidrug-resistant tuberculosis at a hospital—New York City, 1991. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep. 1993;42:427–33.PubMedGoogle Scholar
  2. Agerton  TB, Valway  SE, Blinkhorn  RJ, Shilkret  KL, Reves  R, Schluter  W, Spread of strain W, a highly drug-resistant strain of Mycobacterium tuberculosis, across the United States. Clin Infect Dis. 1999;29:85–92. DOIPubMedGoogle Scholar
  3. Bifani  PJ, Plikaytis  BB, Kapur  V, Stockbauer  K, Pan  X, Lutfey  ML, Origin and interstate spread of a New York City multidrug-resistant Mycobacterium tuberculosis clone family. JAMA. 1996;275:452–7. DOIPubMedGoogle Scholar
  4. Van Soolingen  D, Qian  L, de Haas  PEW, Douglas  JT, Traore  H, Portaels  F, Predominance of a single genotype of Mycobacterium tuberculosis in countries of East Asia. J Clin Microbiol. 1995;33:3234–8.PubMedGoogle Scholar
  5. Kurepina  NE, Sreevatsan  S, Plikaytis  BB, Bifani  PJ, Connell  ND, Donnelly  RJ, Characterization of the phylogenetic distribution and chromosomal insertion sites of five IS6110 elements in Mycobacterium tuberculosis: non-random integration in the dnaA-dnaN region. Tuber Lung Dis. 1998;79:31–42. DOIPubMedGoogle Scholar
  6. Van Soolingen  D. Molecular epidemiology of tuberculosis and other mycobacterial infections: main methodologies and achievements. J Intern Med. 2001;249:1–26. DOIPubMedGoogle Scholar
  7. Bifani  PJ, Mathema  B, Kurepina  NE, Kreiswirth  BN. Global dissemination of the Mycobacterium tuberculosis W-Beijing family strains. Trends Microbiol. 2001. In press.
  8. van Crevel  R, Nelwan  RHH, de Lenne  W, Veeraragu  Y, van der Zanden  AG, Amin  Z, Mycobacterium tuberculosis Beijing genotype strains associated with febrile response to treatment. Emerg Infect Dis. 2001;7:1–4.PubMedGoogle Scholar
  9. Bifani  PJ, Mathema  B, Liu  Z, Moghazeh  S, Shopsin  B, Tempalski  B, Identification of a W variant outbreak of Mycobacterium tuberculosis via population-based molecular epidemiology. JAMA. 1999;282:2321–7. DOIPubMedGoogle Scholar
  10. Pfyffer  GE, Strassle  A, van Gorkom  T, Portaels  F, Rigouts  L, Mathieu  C, Multidrug-resistant tuberculosis in prison inmates, Azerbaijan. Emerg Infect Dis. 2001;7:855–61.PubMedGoogle Scholar
  11. Narvskaya  O, Mokrousov  I, Limeschenko  E, Otten  T, Steklova  L, Graschenkova  O, Molecular characterization of Mycobacterium tuberculosis strains from the northwest region of Russia. EpiNorth 2000;1. Available from: URL: http://www.epinorth.org/english/2000/2/002c.shtml (accessed 10.8.01)
  12. Qian  L, Van Embden  JD, Van Der Zanden  AG, Weltevreden  EF, Duanmu  H, Douglas  JT. Retrospective analysis of the Beijing family of Mycobacterium tuberculosis in preserved lung tissues. J Clin Microbiol. 1999;37:471–4.PubMedGoogle Scholar
  13. Chan  MY, Borgdorff  M, Yip  CW, de Haas  PE, Wong  WS, Kam  KM, Seventy percent of the Mycobacterium tuberculosis isolates in Hong Kong represent the Beijing genotype. Epidemiol Infect. 2001;127:169–71. DOIPubMedGoogle Scholar
  14. Anh  DD, Borgdorff  M, Van  LN, Lan  NTN, van Gorkom  T, Kremer  K, Mycobacterium tuberculosis Beijing genotype emerging in Vietnam. Emerg Infect Dis. 2000;6:302–5.PubMedGoogle Scholar
  15. Prodinger  WM, Bunyaratvej  P, Prachaktam  R, Pavlic  M. Mycobacterium tuberculosis isolates of Beijing genotype in Thailand. Emerg Infect Dis. 2001;7:483–4.PubMedGoogle Scholar
  16. Niang  MN, de la Salmoniere  YG, Samb  A, Hane  AA, Cisse  MF, Gicquel  B, Characterization of M. tuberculosis strains from west African patients by spoligotyping. Microbes Infect. 1999;1:1189–92. DOIPubMedGoogle Scholar
  17. Doroudchi  M, Kremer  K, Basiri  EA, Kadivar  MR, Van Soolingen  D, Ghaderi  AA. IS6110-RFLP and spoligotyping of Mycobacterium tuberculosis isolates in Iran. Scand J Infect Dis. 2000;32:663–8. DOIPubMedGoogle Scholar
  18. Kruuner  A, Hoffner  SE, Sillastu  H, Danilovits  M, Levina  K, Svenson  SB, Spread of drug-resistant pulmonary tuberculosis in Estonia. J Clin Microbiol. 2001;39:3339–45. DOIPubMedGoogle Scholar
  19. Caminero  JA, Pena  MJ, Campos-Herrero  MI, Rodriguez  JC, Garcia  I, Cabrera  P, Epidemiological evidence of the spread of a Mycobacterium tuberculosis strain of the Beijing genotype on Gran Canaria Island. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 2001;164:1165–70.PubMedGoogle Scholar
  20. Soini  H, Pan  X, Amin  A, Graviss  EA, Siddiqui  A, Musser  JM. Characterization of Mycobacterium tuberculosis isolates from patients in Houston, Texas, by spoligotyping. J Clin Microbiol. 2000;38:669–76.PubMedGoogle Scholar
  21. Diaz  R, Kremer  K, de Haas  PE, Gomez  RI, Marrero  A, Valdivia  JA, Molecular epidemiology of tuberculosis in Cuba outside of Havana, July 1994–June 1995: utility of spoligotyping versus IS6110 restriction fragment length polymorphism. Int J Tuberc Lung Dis. 1998;2:743–50.PubMedGoogle Scholar
  22. Sola  C, Devallois  A, Horgen  L, Maisetti  J, Filliol  I, Legrand  E, Tuberculosis in the Caribbean: using spacer oligonucleotide typing to understand strain origin and transmission. Emerg Infect Dis. 1999;5:404–14.PubMedGoogle Scholar
  23. Park  YK, Bai  GH, Kim  SJ. Restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis of Mycobacterium tuberculosis isolated from countries in the western pacific region. J Clin Microbiol. 2000;38:191–7.PubMedGoogle Scholar
  24. Palittapongarnpim  P, Luangsook  P, Tansuphaswadikul  S, Chuchottaworn  C, Prachaktam  R, Sathapatayavongs  B. Restriction fragment length polymorphism study of Mycobacterium tuberculosis in Thailand using IS6110 as probe. Int J Tuberc Lung Dis. 1997;1:370–6.PubMedGoogle Scholar
  25. Dale  JW, Nor  RM, Ramayah  S, Tang  TH, Zainuddin  ZF. Molecular epidemiology of tuberculosis in Malaysia. J Clin Microbiol. 1999;37:1265–8.PubMedGoogle Scholar
  26. van Rie  A, Warren  RM, Beyers  N, Gie  RP, Classen  CN, Richardson  M, Transmission of a multidrug-resistant Mycobacterium tuberculosis strain resembling "strain W" among noninstitutionalized, human immunodeficiency virus-seronegative patients. J Infect Dis. 1999;180:1608–15. DOIPubMedGoogle Scholar
  27. Tornieporth  NG, Ptachewich  Y, Poltoratskaia  N, Ravi  BS, Katapadi  M, Berger  JJ, Tuberculosis among foreign-born persons in New York City, 1992–1994: implications for tuberculosis control. Int J Tuberc Lung Dis. 1997;1:528–35.PubMedGoogle Scholar
  28. Barnes  PF, Yang  Z, Preston-Martin  S, Pogoda  JM, Jones  BE, Otaya  M, Patterns of tuberculosis transmission in Central Los Angeles. JAMA. 1997;278:1159–63. DOIPubMedGoogle Scholar
  29. Yang  Z, Barnes  PF, Chaves  F, Eisenach  KD, Weis  SE, Bates  JH, Diversity of DNA fingerprints of Mycobacterium tuberculosis isolates in the United States. J Clin Microbiol. 1998;36:1003–7.PubMedGoogle Scholar
  30. Laserson  KF, Osorio  L, Sheppard  JD, Hernandez  H, Benitez  AM, Brim  S, Clinical and programmatic mismanagement rather than community outbreak as the cause of chronic, drug-resistant tuberculosis in Buenaventura, Colombia, 1998. Int J Tuberc Lung Dis. 2000;4:673–83.PubMedGoogle Scholar
  31. Friedman  CR, Stoeckle  MY, Kreiswirth  BN, Johnson  WD Jr, Manoach  SM, Berger  J, Transmission of multidrug-resistant tuberculosis in a large urban setting. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 1995;152:355–9.PubMedGoogle Scholar
  32. Moss  AR, Alland  D, Telzak  E, Hewlett  D Jr, Sharp  V, Chiliade  P, A city-wide outbreak of a multiple-drug-resistant strain of Mycobacterium tuberculosis in New York. Int J Tuberc Lung Dis. 1997;1:115–21.PubMedGoogle Scholar
  33. Le  TK, Bach  KH, Ho  ML, Le  NV, Nguyen  TN, Chevrier  D, Molecular fingerprinting of Mycobacterium tuberculosis strains isolated in Vietnam using IS6110 as probe. Tuber Lung Dis. 2000;80:75–83. DOIPubMedGoogle Scholar
  34. Torrea  G, Levee  G, Grimont  P, Martin  C, Chanteau  S, Gicquel  B. Chromosomal DNA fingerprinting analysis using the insertion sequence IS6110 and the repetitive element DR as strain-specific markers for epidemiological study of tuberculosis in French Polynesia. J Clin Microbiol. 1995;33:1899–904.PubMedGoogle Scholar
  35. Sola  C, Filliol  I, Gutierrez  MC, Mokrousov  I, Vincent  V, Rastogi  N. Spoligotype database of Mycobacterium tuberculosis: biogeographic distribution of shared types and epidemiologic and phylogenetic perspectives. Emerg Infect Dis. 2001;7:390–6.PubMedGoogle Scholar
  36. Bishai  W. Tuberculosis transmission—rogue pathogen or rogue patient? Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 2001;164:1104–5.PubMedGoogle Scholar

Main Article

Page created: July 16, 2010
Page updated: July 16, 2010
Page reviewed: July 16, 2010
The conclusions, findings, and opinions expressed by authors contributing to this journal do not necessarily reflect the official position of the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, the Public Health Service, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, or the authors' affiliated institutions. Use of trade names is for identification only and does not imply endorsement by any of the groups named above.
file_external