Volume 9, Number 3—March 2003
Research
Experimental Infection of North American Birds with the New York 1999 Strain of West Nile Virus
Nicholas Komar*
, Stanley Langevin*, Steven Hinten*, Nicole M. Nemeth*†, Eric Edwards*†, Danielle L. Hettler*†, Brent S. Davis*, Richard A. Bowen†, and Michel L. Bunning*‡
, Stanley Langevin*, Steven Hinten*, Nicole M. Nemeth*†, Eric Edwards*†, Danielle L. Hettler*†, Brent S. Davis*, Richard A. Bowen†, and Michel L. Bunning*‡
Table 2
Mean West Nile virus viremias (shown as log10 PFU/mL serum, with ranges) for each of 7 days postinoculation by mosquito bite, and mean duration of detectable viremia (days, with ranges)a,b
| Species | Day postinoculation |
Duration of viremia | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| n | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | ||
| Canada Goose |
3 |
2.8 (<1.7–3.0) |
5.3 (3.2–5.8) |
4.5 (3.5–4.8) |
3.4 (<1.7–3.8) |
1.9 (<1.7–2.0) |
<1.7 |
<1.7 |
4.0 (3–5) |
| Mallard |
2 |
6.1 (<1.7–6.4) |
5.7 (5.5–5.9) |
6.7 (3.4–7.0) |
5.1 (1.7–5.4) |
4.7 (<1.7–5.0) |
<1.7 |
<1.7 |
4.0 (4–4) |
| American Kestrel |
2 |
6.2 (5.5–6.4) |
8.4 (5.8–8.7) |
6.6 (6.1–6.8) |
3.8 (3.6–4.0) |
2 (<1.7–2.3) |
<1.7 |
<1.7 |
4.5 (4–5) |
| Northern Bobwhite |
3 |
2.8 (1.7–3.1) |
2.9 (2.3–3.3) |
2.0 (1.7–2.2) |
1.9 (<1.7–2.4) |
1.2 (<1.7–1.7) |
<1.7 |
<1.7 |
4.0 (3–5) |
| Japanese Quail |
3 |
<1.7 |
<1.7 |
2.8 (<1.7–3.3) |
3.4 (<1.7–3.9) |
3.1 (<1.7–3.6) |
2.2 (<1.7-2.7) |
<1.7 |
1.3 (0–4) |
| Ring-necked Pheasant |
3 |
2.1 (<1.7–2.3) |
2.8 (<1.7–3.2) |
2.6 (1.7–3.0) |
1.8 (1.7–2.0) |
1.2 (<1.7–1.7) |
<1.7 |
<1.7 |
3.7 (3–4) |
| American Coot |
1 |
<1.7 |
3.4 |
4.5 |
4.6 |
2.8 |
<1.7 |
<1.7 |
4.0 |
| Killdeer |
2 |
6.2 (5.9–6.4) |
7.5 (6.5–7.8) |
8.1 (4.3–8.4) |
4.9 (2.1–5.2) |
2.6 (<1.7–2.9) |
<1.7 |
<1.7 |
4.5 (4–5) |
| Ring-billed Gull |
2 |
5.4 (5.4–5.4) |
7.8 (6.5–8.1) |
8.0 (5.4–8.3) |
7.4 (2.9–7.7) |
7.2 |
5.3 |
4.1 |
5.5 (4–7) |
| Mourning Dove |
3 |
4.8 (3.0–5.3) |
5.9 (3.9–6.3) |
5.6 (3.4–5.9) |
3.3 (<1.7–3.6) |
<1.7 |
<1.7 |
<1.7 |
3.7 (3–4) |
| Rock Dove |
6 |
3.5 (<1.7–4.0) |
4.3 (3.5–4.8) |
4.2 (3.5–4.5) |
2.9 (<1.7–3.7) |
NT |
NT |
NT |
3.2 (3–4) |
| Monk Parakeet |
3 |
2.8 (<1.7–3.0) |
3.6 (<1.7–4.0) |
3.5 (<1.7–3.9) |
1.7 (<1.7–2.0) |
<1.7 |
<1.7 |
<1.7 |
2.7 (0–4) |
| Budgerigar |
3 |
2.3 (<1.7–2.8) |
1.9 (<1.7–2.4) |
2.8 (<1.7–3.3) |
2.9 (<1.7–3.4) |
2.1 (<1.7–2.6) |
<1.7 |
<1.7 |
1.7 (0–4) |
| Great Horned Owl |
1 |
3.9 |
6.2 |
7.6 |
6.0 |
5.6 |
3.5 |
<1.7 |
6.0 |
| Northern Flicker |
1 |
3.9 |
4.9 |
5.4 |
3.9 |
<1.7 |
<1.7 |
<1.7 |
4.0 |
| Blue Jay |
4 |
8.5 (5.6–8.8) |
11.1 (7.8–11.6) |
12.1 (7.5–12.6) |
10.5 (5.0–11.0) |
2.2 |
<1.7 |
<1.7 |
4.0 (3–5) |
| Black-billed Magpie |
3 |
5.3 (3.7–5.7) |
8.3 (7.7–8.6) |
8.8 (8.4–9.1) |
4.9 (4.8–5.0) |
4.0 (3.9–4.0) |
– |
– |
5.0 (5–5) |
| American Crow |
8 |
5.8 (<1.7–6.6) |
8.7 (<1.7–9.6) |
9.9 (6.7–10.6) |
10.2 (9.2–10.8) |
10.0 (8.2–10.4) |
– |
– |
3.8 (3–5) |
| Fish Crow |
9 |
5.4 (3.0–6.2) |
6.8 (5.6–7.4) |
7.8 (5.5–8.7) |
8.9 (<1.7–9.9) |
8.5 (<1.7–9.5) |
4.0 (0-4.9) |
1.3 (<1.7-2.0) |
5.0 (4–7) |
| American Robin |
2 |
5.8 (5.6–5.9) |
8.9 (7.8–9.2) |
7.3 (6.8–7.5) |
4.6 (3.7–4.9) |
2.0 (<1.7–2.3) |
<1.7 |
<1.7 |
4.5 (4–5) |
| European Starling |
6 |
5.3 (3.5–6.0) |
6.1 (5.3–6.5) |
4.9 (2.0–5.4) |
2.3 (<1.7–3.1) |
<1.7 |
<1.7 |
<1.7 |
3.2 (3–4) |
| Red-winged Blackbird |
3 |
5.9 (5.5–6.1) |
8.6 (7.5–9.0) |
6.0 (5.5–6.3) |
<1.7 |
<1.7 |
<1.7 |
<1.7 |
3.0 (3–3) |
| Common Grackle |
6 |
6.1 (3.3–6.8) |
10.2 (5.4–11.0) |
11.8 (4.7–12.5) |
11.8 (<1.7–12.5) |
<1.7 |
<1.7 |
<1.7 |
3.3 (3–4) |
| House Finch |
2 |
5.4 (2.3–5.7) |
5.8 (5.6–6.0) |
8.8 (8.6–8.9) |
6.6 (6.0–6.8) |
6.0 (5.9–6.1) |
6.2 |
6.3 |
6.0 (5–7) |
| House Sparrow | 6 | 7.8 (3.9–8.6) | 9.8 (7.6–10.5) | 10.3 (4.8–11.0) | 10.3 (2.4–11.0) | 8.4 (<1.7–9.0) | 1.8 (<1.7-2.1) | <1.7 | 4.5 (2–6) |
aNT, not tested; –, no birds survived to be sampled.
bLog10-transformed mean peak viremias ranged from 3.0 for Ring-necked Pheasants (range 2.0–3.2) and Budgerigars (range <1.7–3.4) to 12.1 for Blue Jays (range 7.8–12.6). Mean duration (in days) of detectable viremias ranged from 1.3 in Japanese Quail to 6.0 in House Finches and a Great Horned Owl.
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