Early Release

Synopses

• Retrospective Analysis of Historical Listeria monocytogenes Clinical Isolates, New York, USA, 2000–2021
  H. Samut et al. View Abstract

  We used whole-genome sequencing data to investigate historical Listeria monocytogenes clinical (n = 1,046) and nonclinical (n = 1,325) isolates from New York, USA. Applying a threshold of <20 single-nucleotide polymorphism differences for single-linkage clustering, 321 clinical isolates clustered into 85 clusters ranging from 2–33 isolates per cluster. Fourteen clusters included isolates with outbreak codes (4 clusters with New York codes and 10 with multistate codes). Three New York outbreak codes were assigned to isolates that were genetically highly related and from cases <2 months apart. Fifteen clusters included isolates that were obtained >10 years apart; 33 clusters included isolates from the same or contiguous counties. Seventeen clusters included food and environmental isolates highly related to clinical isolates. These findings suggest that some listeriosis clusters can be local and span a long period, demonstrating the importance of investigating small, localized listeriosis cases with closely related isolates, even over long timeframes.

• Transmission of Rickettsia typhi from Organ Donor to 2 Kidney Transplant Recipients, Texas, USA, 2024
  J. C. Jones et al.

Research

• Spotted Fever Group Rickettsioses among Hospitalized Patients and Circulation of Rickettsia in Ticks, Kazakhstan, 2019s
  Y. V. Bumburidi et al.
• Reptile Exposure among Human Salmonellosis Cases and Salmonella Serotypes Isolated from Reptiles, Ontario, Canada, 2015–2022
  K. Paphitis et al.
• Recent Systemic Antifungal Exposure and Nonsusceptible Candida in Hospitalized Patients, South Africa, 2012–2017
  C. Rabault et al.
• Comparative Epidemiology of Salmonella Paratyphi A and Salmonella Typhi Causing Enteric Fever, Bangladesh, 2018–2020
  S. Rahman et al. View Abstract

  Enteric fever remains a public health challenge. We analyzed data from a cluster-randomized Vi-tetanus toxoid conjugate vaccine trial to compare the epidemiology between Salmonella enterica serovars Paratyphi A, which causes paratyphoid fever, and Typhi, which causes typhoid fever. The overall incidence rate of paratyphoid fever was 27 (95% CI 23–32)/100,000 person-years (PY) and of typhoid fever was 216 (95% CI 198–236)/100,000 PY. We observed the highest incidence for both diseases in children 2–4 years of age: 72 (95% CI 41–117)/100,000 PY for paratyphoid and 887 (95% CI 715–1,088)/100,000 PY for typhoid. Lack of private toilets and safe drinking water were associated with both diseases. Prevalence of multidrug resistance was significantly higher in Salmonella Typhi (20.2%) than in Salmonella Paratyphi A (0.8%) (p<0.001). Our data suggest that integrated control measures targeting water, sanitation, and hygiene measures and bivalent vaccine targeting both pathogens are promising strategies to control both diseases.

• Prolonged Monkeypox Virus Infections, California, USA, May 2022–August 2024
  S. Schildhauer et al. View Abstract

  Monkeypox virus (MPXV) infection typically lasts 14–28 days. Prolonged MPXV infection, in which symptoms or test positivity last >28 days, has been documented but not fully characterized. We used the California Department of Public Health (California, USA) mpox registry to compare prolonged (>28 days) and nonprolonged (<28 days) mpox cases by demographics, HIV status, and JYNNEOS vaccination status. Of 6,469 cases, 82 (1.3%) were prolonged. Persons with prolonged MPXV infections were more likely to be Black or African American (prolonged, 20.7%, vs. nonprolonged, 11.6%) and to have HIV (prolonged, 61.0%, vs. nonprolonged, 39.9%). Among persons with HIV, prolonged infections were more likely among those with lower (<200) CD4 counts (prolonged, 10.0%, vs. nonprolonged, 3.9%) or not engaged in HIV care (prolonged, 46.0%, vs. nonprolonged, 18.1%). No prolonged infections occurred in persons who received 2 JYNNEOS vaccine doses. Groups disproportionately affected by prolonged mpox should be prioritized for mpox vaccine education and outreach.

• Differences in COVID-19 Fatality Rates among Ethnic Groups, Hawaii, USA, 2020–2022
  G. Devendra et al. View Abstract

  Asian American, Native Hawaiian, and Pacific Islander populations have been underrepresented in research on COVID-19 outcomes. We conducted a cross-sectional study of 5,494 electronic medical records of patients in a large tertiary care health system in the ethnically diverse state of Hawaii, USA. We compared fatality rates for hospitalized patients on the basis of race or ethnicity, age, vaccination status, and sequential organ failure assessment (SOFA) score at admission. Fatality rates varied between racial and ethnic groups but were associated with increasing age across all groups. Fatality rates were closely associated with increasing SOFA score and were inversely associated with the number of COVID-19 vaccinations received. We found that Asian and Pacific Islander groups experienced higher rates of in-hospital death and that death was strongly associated with increased age and SOFA score and with <1 COVID-19 vaccination. Clinicians should be aware of these outcomes when treating COVID-19 patients from these ethnic groups.

• Effects of human seasonal influenza vaccines on highly pathogenic avian influenza A(H5N1) clade 2.3.4.4b virus infection in ferrets
  X. Sun et al.
• Multidrug-Resistant pESI-Harboring Salmonella Muenchen ST82 in Poultry and Humans, Israel, 2020–2023
  J. Perry et al.

Dispatches

• Escherichia coli ST131:H22 in Parrots from Illegal Pet Trade, Brazil, 2024
  V. P. Rocha et al.
• Detection of Mpox in Wastewater Solids at Wastewater Treatment Plants, United States
  A. B. Boehm et al.
• Hypervirulent Klebsiella pneumoniae as a cause of lethal pneumocephalus in Europe
  N. Gläser et al.
• Genomic Investigation of Increased Gonococcal Infections, Minnesota, USA, 2024
  D. Evans et al.
• Emergence and Polyclonal Dissemination of bla_NDM-7–Carrying InX3 Plasmid in Enterobacter cloacae Complex, France, 2021–2023
  I. Rezzoug et al.
• Antimicrobial-Resistant Clonal Complex 11 Neisseria meningitidis–Associated Urethritis Cluster, Thailand
  J. C. Cartee et al.
• Detection of Extended-Spectrum β-lactamase–Producing Klebsiella pneumoniae in Human and Food Samples, Switzerland, 2018–2019
  L. Aguilar-Bultet et al.
• Bat-Associated Hemotropic Mycoplasmas in Immunosuppressed Children, Spain, 2024
  F. Esperón et al. View Abstract

  We report the detection of hemotropic mycoplasmas in 4 immunosuppressed pediatric patients in Spain: 2 solid organ transplant recipients, 1 hematopoietic stem cell transplant recipient, and 1 cancer patient. Sequences were 100% identical to a strain previously identified in Miniopterus schreibersii bats, which raises concerns about unnoticed zoonotic transmission.

• Emergence of Bordetella holmesii–Associated Pertussis-Like Illness in North India, 2019–2023
  N. Shekhar et al.
• Seoul Virus Infection Acquired at Private Pet Rat Breeding Facility, Germany, 2024
  F. Baalmann et al.
• Investigation of Possible Intraoperative Transmission of Brucella melitensis, Slovenia
  I. Potparić et al.
• Zoonotic Baylisascaris procyonis in Raccoons, Mississippi, USA, 2023–2024
  B. L. Huerta-Beltrán et al.

Research Letters

• Disseminated Blastomycosis Mimicking Tuberculosis, China
  C. Guo et al.
• Angiostrongylus cantonensis Lungworms in Definitive and Intermediate Hosts, Madagascar, 2024
  L. A. Maminirina et al. View Abstract

  We assessed the prevalence of the rat lungworm, Angiostrongylus cantonensis, in rats and snails in Toamasina, Madagascar, using molecular techniques. Although no human cases of neuroangiostrongyliasis have been reported in Madagascar, the pathogen’s presence in definitive hosts (2.5%, 2/78) and intermediate hosts (26.9%, 35/130) reveals active circulation and potential zoonotic risk.

• Cutaneous Coccidioidomycosis Mimicking Rosacea in Immunosuppressed Patient, Arizona, USA, 2024
  S. Obagi et al. View Abstract

  An immunocompromised patient in Arizona, USA, experienced cutaneous coccidioidomycosis mimicking rosacea-like dermatitis; she was receiving vandetanib therapy. Histopathology confirmed the diagnosis despite inconclusive serologic results. Lesions resolved with fluconazole treatment, but blue-gray hyperpigmentation persisted, likely linked to vandetanib. This case highlights diagnostic challenges in endemic fungal infections and rare drug-associated hyperpigmentation.

• Jorge Lobo’s Disease in Child with Tick Exposure, Brazil
  F. Gonçalves et al.
• Immunity Gap Detected Before Measles Outbreak, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam, 2024
  T. Ong et al.
• Crimean-Congo Hemorrhagic Fever Virus Circulation in Wild European Rabbits, Portugal, 2018−2023
  C. Baptista et al.
• Neonatal Gonococcal Conjunctivitis Caused by Fluoroquinolone-Resistant Neisseria gonorrhoeae Despite Prophylaxis and Treatment, Japan, 2023
  H. Mizushima et al.

Letters

• Awareness among Infectious Diseases Specialists of Emerging Sexual Transmission of Trichophyton mentagrophytes Genotype VII Infections, United States
  P. Anand et al.
• Invasive urogenital Neisseria meningitidis serogroup Y multilocus Sequence Type 1466
  C. R. George et al.

Etymologia

• Malassezia [mal″ə-sē′zhə]
  F. P. Sellera et al.

Supplement

• Long-Term Illness in Adults Hospitalized for Respiratory Syncytial Virus Disease, United States, February 2022–September 2023
  A. M. Leis et al.
• Nonspecific Symptoms Attributable to Lyme Disease in High-Incidence Areas, United States
  C. C. Nawrocki et al.
• Persistence of Symptoms among Commercially Insured Patients with Coccidioidomycosis, United States, 2017–2023
  I. Hennessee et al.

Synopsis

• Haematospirillum jordaniae Infections after Recreational Exposure to River Water, Pennsylvania, USA, 2020
  M. Dulcey et al.

Research Letter

• Two Cases of Autochthonous West Nile Virus Encephalitis, Paris, France, 2025
  N. Hassold-Rugolino et al. View Abstract

  We report 2 cases of febrile lymphocytic meningitis with encephalitis in patients in France. One patient had not traveled outside Paris; the other had traveled to eastern France. Laboratory findings revealed acute West Nile virus infection. The cases occurred days apart, raising concern the virus has spread further in France.