Early Release

Perspective

• Reassortment of Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza as a Driver for Zoonotic Spillover, Asia
  A. Byrne et al. View Abstract

  Highly pathogenic avian influenza H5Nx viruses remain a major zoonotic threat, yet global attention has focused largely on clade 2.3.4.4b, potentially overlooking major changes within long-endemic H5N1 lineages in Asia. Recent reports from South and Southeast Asia describe the emergence of reassortant clade 2.3.2.1 viruses alongside renewed human infections after apparent prolonged epidemiologic stability. Collectively, those events suggest a regional pattern rather than isolated anomalies. In this article, we argue that reassortment, rather than point mutation alone, might be an underrecognized driver of zoonotic risk in endemic H5N1 lineages and is reshaping those lineages. We examine why such events might be underrecognized in settings with entrenched poultry influenza, identify limitations of current surveillance systems, and call for integrated, real-time approaches linking genomic detection with phenotypic assessment across animal and human health sectors to enable timely risk assessment and coordinated public health action.

Synopses

• Meta-analysis of Maternal and Fetal Outcomes of Crimean-Congo Hemorrhagic Fever during Pregnancy
  B. Donk et al.
• Early Action Review of Detection, Notification, and Response Timeliness during Cross-Border Bundibugyo Virus Disease Outbreak, Uganda, 2026
  J. Kayiwa et al. View Abstract

  Bundibugyo virus disease (BVD), an Ebola virus species with no licensed vaccine or therapeutic, reemerged in May 2026 as a cross-border outbreak in Uganda and the Democratic Republic of the Congo. During a 2-day workshop, July 8–9, 2026, we conducted an early action review of the outbreak response using the 7-1-7 framework (7 days to detect, 1 day to notify, 7 days to complete early response actions) to assess timeliness and identify bottlenecks and enablers across 9 response pillars. Uganda declared its outbreak on May 15, 2026; by July 8, the country had recorded 20 confirmed cases (15 imported, 5 locally transmitted) and a case-fatality rate of 15%. Uganda met all 3 targets: detection in 6 days, notification in <1 day, and response completion in 2 days. Low clinical suspicion, cross-border data-sharing gaps, fragmented digital systems, and delayed community engagement were common bottlenecks; strong leadership and coordination structures were most cited enablers.

• Systematic Review and Meta-analysis of Group B Streptococcus Rectovaginal Colonization Rates and Serotype Distribution among Pregnant Women, Asia-Pacific Region, 2014–2025
  Z. Toh et al. View Abstract

  We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis of group B Streptococcus (GBS) rectovaginal colonization prevalence, serotype distribution, and antimicrobial drug resistance (AMR) rates among pregnant women in the Asia-Pacific region. We included articles published in the MEDLINE, Embase, and PubMed databases during January 2014–October 2025. Overall, 1,623 studies were identified; 98 of those were included in the meta-analysis. Of 978,150 pregnant women, 172,973 were colonized with GBS; pooled estimated prevalence was 18.0% (95% CI 12%–23%). Studies from Southeast Asia were limited. GBS serotype distributions were reported in 24 studies; serotype III was the most common (range 5.0%–100.0%). Thirty studies included AMR rates; low (0%–2.0%) AMR rates were found for β-lactams. GBS colonization is common among pregnant women in the Asia-Pacific region. Continued surveillance of GBS prevalence will be needed, particularly in Pacific and Southeast Asian countries, to guide effective GBS prevention and treatment programs.

Research

• Wastewater Surveillance to Track a Resurgent Outbreak of Measles, Ontario, Canada, 2025
  R. Corchis-Scott et al.
• Human Myiasis Resulting from Reemergence of Cochliomyia hominivorax Screwworm, Mexico, 2025–2026
  O. Delgado-Cuellar et al. View Abstract

  After its elimination from Mexico in 2003, myiasis caused by New World screwworm (NWS), Cochliomyia hominivorax, has recently reemerged as a public and animal health concern. We conducted a retrospective study of human New World screwworm myiasis cases reported through Mexico’s national surveillance system during April 13, 2025–March 14, 2026. Of 204 cases in official surveillance summaries, 202 had sufficient information for case-level clinical and epidemiologic analysis. Cases were concentrated in southern Mexico, particularly Chiapas, followed by Yucatán, Oaxaca, and Quintana Roo. Most (71.8%) cases occurred in men; mean patient age was 61.1 years. Lower limbs (55.0%) were the most frequently reported anatomic location, and 76.7% of patients had >1 concurrent condition. Six deaths were reported among patients with NWS myiasis; at the time of reporting, 1 death was attributed directly to NWS myiasis. Our findings support proactive clinical detection and integrated One Health surveillance along the expected northward spread of NWS.

• Meta-analysis of Asymptomatic Monkeypox Virus Prevalence in Nonendemic Regions, 2022–2024
  K. J. MacCuish et al. View Abstract

  In this meta-analysis, we performed a literature search for articles relating to asymptomatic monkeypox virus (MPXV) detections published worldwide during May 12, 2022–September 13, 2024. The primary outcome was to determine the pooled prevalence of asymptomatic MPXV detections. We conducted a random-effects analysis that yielded a final pooled prevalence of 1.0% (95% prediction interval 0.1%–11.2%). Results did not substantially differ by geographic region or study design. Although those findings are reassuring, we did not evaluate infectivity or transmission potential among asymptomatic persons. MPXV continues to circulate globally; the viral dynamics that enable its persistence remain poorly understood and merit further study.

• Detection of Anaplasma capra in Patients with Suspected Crimean-Congo Hemorrhagic Fever, Turkey, 2022
  K. Altay et al. View Abstract

  Anaplasma capra is a recently discovered bacterial tickborne pathogen that was first identified in goats in 2012 and later in humans in China in 2015. We detected and genetically characterized A. capra in adult patients with suspected Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever (CCHF) in Turkey during the 2022 outbreak. We screened all patients for A. capra by using nested PCR targeting the gltA and groEL genes. We confirmed CCHF by molecular and serological tests. Of 263 patients, 6 (2.28%) were positive for A. capra. Sequence analysis revealed 84.16%–100% gltA gene similarity and 90.24%–100% groEL gene similarity with GenBank entries. Phylogenetic analysis confirmed all A. capra gene sequences belonged to genotype 1. Our results demonstrate clinical evidence of genotype 1 A. capra infection in humans. Our findings highlight the need for clinicians to consider A. capra in the differential diagnosis of CCHF-like symptoms, especially in endemic areas.

• Persistent Bartonella quintana Infection in Macaques at Primate Research Institute, Japan
  Y. Nomura et al. View Abstract

  Bartonella quintana, the causative agent of trench fever, is a louseborne bacterial pathogen. During 2016−2017, we investigated B. quintana infection in macaques housed at 2 primate research institutes in Japan. We isolated B. quintana from 3 wild-caught Japanese macaques, which had been introduced into 1 institute in 2009. The macaques had received periodic ivermectin treatment every 1–2 years to control blood-feeding arthropods. Whole-genome comparisons revealed that the 3 isolates exhibit higher homology to a Japanese macaque–derived strain than to rhesus macaque–derived or human-derived strains. In addition, in all 3 isolates, the bepA locus was absent; we classified the trwL locus as structural variant C, consistent with known Japanese macaque–derived strains. Our findings suggest that B. quintana bacteremia in the macaques might have persisted for 7–8 years in captivity, and that the bacterium was not accidentally transmitted to them from humans by reverse zoonosis.

• Genomic Epidemiology of Salmonella enterica Serovar Hadar Strain Linked to Poultry-Associated Salmonellosis Outbreaks, United States
  L. Xiaoli et al. View Abstract

  Nontyphoidal Salmonella enterica serovar Hadar causes poultry-associated salmonellosis outbreaks in the United States. One persisting strain of Salmonella Hadar caused 5 multistate outbreaks resulting in ≈2,000 human cases during 2020–2023. The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention designated the strain as reoccurring, emerging, or persisting (REP), related within 26 core-genome allele differences. That REP strain has caused human illnesses by consumption of commercial poultry food products or contact with backyard poultry. To investigate the REP strain’s evolution and identify possible markers for source attribution, we performed phylogenetics and molecular clock analysis on 404 genomes subsampled from routine surveillance and outbreaks. The most recent common ancestor likely emerged in early 2018. We identified 2 clades: clade 1, associated with backyard poultry and other food sources, and clade 2, predominantly linked to commercial poultry products. We found 2 clade-specific single-nucleotide polymorphism markers; in silico screening of additional isolates supported their use for source attribution.

• Molecular Epidemiology and Evolution of Swine Influenza A Viruses, Vietnam, 2020–2024
  N. Bui et al. View Abstract

  Swine influenza A viruses (IAV-S) caused the 2009 H1N1 pandemic and pose a future zoonotic and pandemic threat. Vietnam represents a critical hotspot for IAV-S emergence within East and Southeast Asia, with dense swine and human populations and intensive livestock trade. We conducted genomic surveillance of IAV-S in Vietnam during 2020–2024, extending previous surveillance from 2013–2019. We identified multiple co-circulating H1 and H3 clades, including pandemic H1N1, Eurasian avian-like, and European lineages, by conducting phylogenetic analysis of 56 IAV-S isolates (21 H1N1, 31 H1N2, and 4 H3N2). Three H1 clades persisted exclusively in Vietnam, circulating up to 12 years. Phylogeographic analysis revealed multiple independent introduction events from North America, Europe, China, Thailand, and Cambodia. We detected extensive reassortment that frequently involved pandemic H1N1 virus internal genes. We identified several lineage-specific mutations associated with mammalian adaptation. Our findings underscore the ongoing IAV-S evolution and need for sustained surveillance in Vietnam.

• Multisectoral Emergence of Multidrug-Resistant Campylobacter coli Sequence Type 10042 Lineage, Europe, 2018–2025
  M. Azevedo et al. View Abstract

  Campylobacter spp. remain the leading bacterial cause of foodborne gastroenteritis in Western countries. We report sustained, previously unrecognized circulation of a multidrug-resistant Campylobacter coli sequence type 10042 lineage across Europe during 2018–2025. Whole-genome sequencing of 217 isolates from 9 countries spanning human, animal, food, and environmental sources identified cross-border clusters, including a large lineage linking primarily Portugal and Luxembourg, as well as Germany, Ireland, Spain, and the United Kingdom. Genomic data indicates ongoing clonal expansion with increasing diversification over time. Isolates exhibited a conserved multidrug-resistant phenotype, including resistance to fluoroquinolones, tetracyclines, and β-lactams; reduced susceptibility to carbapenems was observed. Resistance was associated with GyrA Thr86Ile, tet(O/32/O)/tet(O) genes, and bla_OXA-61 promoter variants; variation in porA was linked to variable amoxicillin/clavulanic acid and ertapenem susceptibility. Those findings demonstrate that C. coli infections can involve sustained international transmission rather than sporadic cases and highlight the need for coordinated, cross-sector genomic surveillance to detect emerging antimicrobial-resistant lineages.

• Isothermal Detection of Influenza D Virus using Reverse Transcription Loop-Mediated Isothermal Amplification
  C. dos Santos et al. View Abstract

  The Orthomyxoviridae family includes influenza D virus (IDV), an emerging pathogen primarily affecting cattle and swine; there is evidence of cross-species transmission and potential zoonotic risk. Although active human infections have yet to be confirmed, high seroprevalence in cattle-exposed populations highlights the need for continued surveillance. We developed and validated a rapid, field-deployable reverse transcription loop-mediated isothermal amplification assay for IDV detection; specificity was 99.2% and sensitivity ranged from 95.6% (cycle quantification <30) to 81.8% (cycle quantification <40). This method offers a cost-effective, accessible alternative to quantitative reverse transcription PCR, enabling improved monitoring of IDV and reinforcing preparedness for emerging influenza threats.

• Experimental Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza A(H5N1) Clade 2.3.4.4b Virus Infection in Alpacas, 2026
  J. Schön et al. View Abstract

  Highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) A(H5N1) clade 2.3.4.4b virus continues to spread globally and sporadically transmits from avian reservoirs to mammalian hosts. In May 2024, H5N1 infections in young goats and alpacas in the United States were reported. Nevertheless, the overall susceptibility of camelids to clade 2.3.4.4b virus remains unclear. We conducted a controlled experimental infection study in 6 alpacas, assessing clinical signs, viral shedding, tissue distribution, and serologic responses after intranasal inoculation with HPAI H5N1 genotype B3.13 virus. Observed illness was generally mild; body temperature increased slightly and food intake reduced for up to 3 days postinfection. We detected viral RNA in nasal swab samples and confirmed infectious HPAI H5N1 virus. Immunohistochemistry and RNA in situ hybridization detected virus only in the nasopharyngeal tonsil and nasal conchae at 4 days postinfection. Our findings suggest alpacas are susceptible to productive H5N1 infection, highlighting implications for livestock surveillance and biosecurity in regions with ongoing circulation.

• Multiple Introductions and Cross-Sector Transmission of Salmonella enterica Serovar Infantis Carrying bla_CTX-M-65 Gene, South Korea, 2022–2024
  E. Shin et al. View Abstract

  Salmonella enterica subspecies enterica serovar Infantis carrying the bla_CTX-M-65 gene has been increasingly detected globally, including in South Korea, since 2022. We analyzed 65 bla_CTX-M-65–positive Salmonella Infantis isolates from humans, poultry, and wastewater collected during 2022–2024 by using whole-genome sequencing and phylogenomic analysis. Most (98.5%) isolates were multidrug resistant, commonly to aminoglycosides, β-lactams, quinolones, tetracyclines, amphenicols, and folate pathway inhibitors. Phylogenetic analysis revealed high genetic similarity among isolates from humans, poultry, and wastewater, which were intermingled within monophyletic clades with high bootstrap support, indicating close genomic relatedness across sectors. Bayesian phylogeographic reconstruction suggested multiple potential introductions during 2018–2022, including 1 lineage related to isolates from the United States (clade I) and others related to isolates from the United Kingdom (clade II). Those findings highlight the emergence and genomic diversity of bla_CTX-M-65–positive Salmonella Infantis in South Korea and support the value of continued genomic surveillance across sectors.

Historical Review

• Variolation Techniques, Medical Explanations, and Dissemination in Late Imperial China
  L. Guan et al. View Abstract

  Variolation in China has a long history, yet the method remains underrepresented internationally, having limited recognition of medical rationale and indigenous development. We reviewed medical texts and records from late Imperial China and compared variolation chronology, techniques, and explanatory frameworks used in China versus India. Variolation in China was already in practice no later than the Chenghua–Longqing period of the Ming dynasty (1465–1572 CE), earlier than that reported in other countries. Sources from China described garment/blanket, lymph, and scab-derived inoculum methods for smallpox prevention. Scab-derived inocula, intranasal administration, and repeated passage techniques reflected empirical efforts to improve variolation reliability and reduce risk. Concepts of fetal toxin and seasonal pathogenic qi made variolation intelligible within contemporaneous medicine in China. Records from China predated sources from India and contained more detailed descriptions of variolation practices, supporting indigenous development and highlighting China’s central place in the early history of prophylactic inoculation.

Dispatches

• Detection of Divergent Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza A(H5N1) Clade 2.3.4.4b Virus, São Paulo, Brazil, 2025
  J. de Araujo et al. View Abstract

  In 2025, we detected highly pathogenic avian influenza H5N1 virus in dead waterfowl at Ibirapuera Park, São Paulo, Brazil. Genomic characterization indicated a reassortant virus that emerged from locally circulating low pathogenicity avian influenza viruses and highly pathogenic North American lineages. Our results highlight cross-species transmission risk and underscore the need for enhanced surveillance.

• Emergence of Rabies in Cape Fur Seals, South Africa
  C. Ngoepe et al. View Abstract

  Rabies was diagnosed in Cape fur seals by using direct fluorescent antibody testing in South Africa, 2024. We investigated the origin of rabies virus in this species. Phylogenetic analysis revealed virus introduction from jackals into seals, followed by sustained viral transmission within the seal population and spillover into a domestic dog.

• Emergence of Macrolide-Resistant Bordetella pertussis, Peru, 2025
  E. Juscamayta-López et al. View Abstract

  We report the emergence of macrolide-resistant Bordetella pertussis during a pertussis outbreak in Peru. Among 68 cases, 31% carried the A2047G gene mutation, conferring resistance to macrolides. Whole-genome sequencing revealed 2 genetically distinct groups, indicating multiple introductions into Peru. Our findings support strengthening surveillance for macrolide-resistant pertussis to inform control strategies.

• Monkeypox Virus in Healthcare Settings, Sierra Leone, June 2025
  M. Jaba et al. View Abstract

  During the 2025 mpox outbreak in Sierra Leone, we assessed environmental contamination in 2 hospitals. Of 89 surfaces sampled, 6 (6.7%) surface samples, primarily from doors, were PCR-positive for monkeypox virus. Our findings highlight monkeypox virus surface contamination in healthcare settings and help prioritize infection prevention and control targets in resource-limited settings.

• Emergence of Genotype 2.3.1 Multidrug-Resistant Salmonella enterica Serovar Typhi Strain, West Africa, 2021–2025
  E. Njamkepo et al. View Abstract

  Since 2021, a genotype 2.3.1, ciprofloxacin-resistant, multidrug-resistant (MDR) Salmonella enterica serovar Typhi strain increasingly has been detected in persons returning from West Africa. This strain locally acquired 2 different MDR plasmids over a ≈25-year period, underwent chromosomal integration of the IncHI1 plasmid MDR region, and finally acquired a gyrA mutation.

• Characteristics and Superspreading Potential of Andes Virus Person-to-Person Transmission
  Z. Guo et al. View Abstract

  By using historical contact tracing data, we estimated that 23.4% of case-patients caused 80% of Andes virus (ANDV) person-to-person transmission. We demonstrated a low but nonnegligible probability of observing a large-scale ANDV infection outbreak in a rodent-free setting consisting of close contacts, despite the historically self-limited person-to-person transmission of ANDV.

• Emergence of Plasmodium malariae and Co-endemicity of 3 Plasmodium Species Parasites, Khanh Hoa Province, Vietnam, 2023–2025
  T. Võ et al. View Abstract

  A large malaria outbreak caused by Plasmodium malariae parasites occurred in Khanh Hoa Province, Vietnam, in 2023. Since then, P. malariae parasites have persisted in the region alongside P. falciparum and P. vivax species, changing malaria patterns. Those findings reinforce the need for strengthened surveillance in the region.

• Fatal Infection with Dengue Virus and Avian Orthoavulavirus 1 in Traveler Returning from Saudi Arabia to France, 2025
  M. Salmona et al. View Abstract

  A previously healthy 26-year-old man died of hemorrhagic fever with fulminant hepatitis and shock 36 hours after returning to France from Mecca, Saudi Arabia. Postmortem analyses detected low-level dengue virus RNA and positive NS1 antigen along with unexpected extremely high-titer disseminated velogenic avian orthoavulavirus 1 infection with elevated systemic cytokine responses.

• Clinical Characterization of Invasive Meningococcal Disease Epidemic, Uzbekistan, 2026
  B. B. Rakhimov et al. View Abstract

  Tashkent, Uzbekistan, registered 290 invasive meningococcal disease cases during January–April 2026; the case fatality rate was 8.3%. Meningeal signs appeared in only 2.7% of patients and were the sole signs associated with death. Neisseria meningitidis serogroup surveillance and conjugate vaccine introduction will be needed to prevent invasive meningococcal disease in Uzbekistan.

• Detection of Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza A(H5N1) Virus in Cat and Rats during Outbreak in Backyard Poultry, United States, 2025
  S. M. Storms et al. View Abstract

  In 2025, highly pathogenic avian influenza A(H5N1) virus was detected in a poultry flock in Illinois, USA. Quantitative reverse transcription PCR, sequencing, and histopathology on cat and rat samples from the farm showed multiple positive tissues and high sequence identity to an avian isolate. Small mammals might contribute to H5N1 transmission.

• Chlamydia psittaci Meningitis, Chile, 2023
  Y. I. Pinos Garcia et al.
• Baloxavir-based Treatment Combinations for Clade 2.3.4.4b H5N1 Virus Infection in Mice
  S. Min et al.
• Whole-Genome Sequencing of Measles Virus from 2025 Outbreak, Texas, USA
  P. Juntawong et al. View Abstract

  We sequenced measles-positive samples from the 2025 outbreak in Texas, USA, and identified the expansion of a closely related genotype D8 lineage within broader strain diversity from North America. F:H419R was used as a lineage-associated genomic surveillance marker. Our findings demonstrate that whole-genome sequencing can strengthen measles surveillance and enhance outbreak investigations.

• Chlamydia psittaci Meningitis, Chile, 2023
  Y. Pinos Garcia et al. View Abstract

  We report a confirmed case of Chlamydia psittaci meningitis in Latin America, diagnosed in a 50-year-old farm worker from Chile. Diagnosis was established via cerebrospinal fluid quantitative real-time PCR and serology. The patient recovered after antimicrobial treatment. This case highlights the need to consider zoonotic pathogens in atypical meningitis.

Research Letters

• Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza Virus Subtype 5 in Cetaceans, Brazil
  A. S. Melgarejo et al. View Abstract

  We identified highly pathogenic avian influenza virus subtype H5 in stranded dolphins along the coastline of Brazil during 2023–2025. Infected animals included species classified as vulnerable or endangered. Our results highlight the need for ongoing surveillance of cetaceans susceptible to viral infections, which pose an additional threat to threatened species.

• Age Differences in Pertussis Epidemics, New South Wales, Australia, 2015 and 2024
  E. F. Madden et al.
• Evaluation of Trichodysplasia Spinulosa Polyomavirus in Skin Biopsies, United States
  I. M. Espinal et al. View Abstract

  Trichodysplasia spinulosa polyomavirus (TSPyV) has been identified in human endothelial cell tumors. We evaluated 25 clinical cases of various inflammatory dermatoses in California, USA, for TSPyV by using RNAscope in situ hybridization. We did not detect TSPyV in any of the biopsy samples, suggesting that endothelial TSPyV is uncommon in inflammatory dermatoses.

• Estimated Transmissibility and Case Fatality Rate of Bundibugyo Virus, Uganda, 2007
  B. de Padua and A. R. Akhmetzhanov View Abstract

  Because the epidemiology of Bundibugyo virus remains unclear, we reanalyzed the first recognized outbreak (Uganda, 2007). Adjusting for case under-ascertainment and the effect of control measures, we estimated the effective reproduction number (1.55, falling to <1 after intervention) and case-fatality rate (31%, declining to 25%). The underascertainment rate was 15%.

• Cocirculation of Human Monkeypox Virus Clade 1b with Varicella Zoster Virus, Uganda
  N. Bbosa et al. View Abstract

  In July 2024, we reported information on the initial human mpox cases in Uganda. Genomic characterization of clinically suspected cases (July–December 2024) revealed cocirculation of several monkeypox virus clade 1b clusters and varicella zoster virus. Our findings highlight the need to refine differential diagnoses by molecular techniques and strengthen surveillance.

• Human Infection with Japanese Encephalitis Virus Genotype V, China, 2025
  W. Zou et al. View Abstract

  Japanese encephalitis virus genotype V (JEV GV) has caused multiple cases of viral encephalitis in South Korea. We report a human case of JEV GV in China, confirmed by serology, sequencing, and quantitative reverse transcription PCR. We confirm JEV GV infection in China, highlighting the persistent threat of this virus.

• Human Papillomavirus Condylomas of Extragenital Site in Immunocompetent Man, New York, USA, 2025
  S. Fong and J. G. Zampella View Abstract

  Human papillomavirus types 6 and 11 are associated with mucosal condylomata acuminata, with rare reports of extragenital manifestations. We report a case of condyloma localized to the neck of an immunocompetent heterosexual man, without concurrent anogenital lesions. Our findings challenge theories of the site-specific tropism of these human papillomavirus types.

• Haemophilus ducreyi Bacteria Causing Cutaneous Ulcer Outbreak in Children, Sierra Leone, December 2025
  J. Zhang et al. View Abstract

  We report a cutaneous ulcer outbreak in Sierra Leone in 2025 that predominantly affected ≈403 schoolchildren. The causative agent was confirmed as Haemophilus ducreyi, a bacterium traditionally associated with the sexually transmitted infection chancroid but more recently recognized as an emerging cause of lower limb cutaneous ulcers in tropical regions.

In Memoriam

• In Memoriam: The Enduring Influence of Nancy J. Cox (1948–2026)
  D. B. Jernigan et al.

About the Cover

• Smallpox Military Policy and Decisive Actions of George Washington
  T. Chorba

Synopses

• Predictors and Patterns of Metastatic Candidozyma auris Infection
  P. Suarez-Urquiza et al.
• Subacute Sclerosing Panencephalitis after Measles Outbreaks, Philippines, 2007–2022
  M. P. Palisoc et al.

Research

• Post–COVID-19 Emergence of Novel Mycoplasma pneumoniae Macrolide-Resistant Sequence Type 3 Subclades in Children
  Y. Hsieh et al.
• Effects of Antibiotic Use Reduction on Clostridioides difficile Colonization in Nursing Homes
  M. Reeves et al.
• Invasive Enterovirus and Parechovirus Infections in Adults, Alberta, Canada, 2023–2025
  J. N. Kanji et al.
• Five-Biomarker Definition for Hypervirulent Klebsiella pneumoniae Bloodstream Infection and Abscess Complications, Japan, 2022–2024
  N. Watanabe et al.
• Microbial Etiology of Postoperative Spinal Fusion Infections and Factors Associated with Gram-Negative Infections
  M. Lindstrom et al.
• Global genomic surveillance of MERS-CoV
  J. Otieno et al.

Dispatches

• Middle East Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus (MERS-CoV) in Camels, Kazakhstan, 2025
  A. Kydyrmanov et al.
• Fatal Rickettsia parkeri Rickettsiosis in Immunocompromised Pediatric Patient, Georgia, USA, 2025
  S. Bellman et al.
• Dirofilaria asiatica Infection and Asymptomatic Microfilaremia, Sri Lanka, 2025
  D. Mataraarachchi et al.
• Persistent Microfilaremia and Zoonotic Dirofilaria asiatica in 2-Year-Old Child, Sri Lanka, 2024
  U. Atapattu et al.
• Transmission Dynamics of Dengue Virus, Ceará State, Brazil, 2010–2025
  S. de Lima et al.
• Post–COVID-19 Expansion of Streptococcus pyogenes Lineages Causing Toxic Shock Syndrome, Japan, 2023–2024
  T. Ikebe et al.
• Serologic Assessment of Public Health Action Needed for Trachoma, Coastal Ecuador, 2021–2024
  E. Kamau et al.
• Pathotypr: Alignment-free Tool for Assemblies and Reads in Genomic Surveillance
  P. Ruiz-Rodriguez and M. Coscolla
• Serologic Testing for Middle East Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus and SARS-CoV-2 Cross-Reactive Immune Responses
  M. R. te Marvelde et al.

Research Letters

• Community Transmission of Pneumonic Plague, Fenoarivobe, Madagascar 2022
  L. Randrianasolo et al.
• Disseminated Cotrimoxazole-Resistant Nocardiosis in a Renal Transplant Recipient
  S. Kordcal et al.

Letter

• Evidence of Exposure to Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza H5 Viruses in East Greenland Polar Bears
  K. J. Buhler et al.

Online Report

• Nationwide Surveillance and Control Measures during Large Measles Outbreak, Bangladesh, 2026
  M. Rabbi et al.

Research

• Estimates of Disease Attributable to 7 Pathogens and Linked to Animal Contact, United States, 2019
  R. Medford et al.
• Identification of Zoonotic Pteropine Orthoreovirus in Rousettus amplexicaudatus Fruit Bats, Indonesia
  N. I. Dharmayanti et al.

Dispatches

• Scrub Typhus Masquerading as Typhoid Fever in Patient with Myelodysplastic Syndrome, China, 2025
  Y. Li et al.
• Wild Mice and Shrews as Natural Reservoirs of Emerging Tickborne Yezo Virus, Hokkaido, Japan, 2023–2025
  M. Ito et al.
• Mayaro Virus Emergence and Genetic Dynamics, Peru
  L. J. Perez et al.
• Isolation of Orientia tsutsugamushi from Bat-Associated Chiggers, Japan
  Y. Qiu et al.
• Natural Occurrence of Primate SLAM-Adapted Canine Distemper Virus, Brazil, 2018
  M. Tominaga et al.

Research Letters

• Human Disco-Vertebral Infection Caused by Camelimonas Species, 2025
  L. Chombart et al.
• Zoonotic Exposure to Porcine Deltacoronavirus, United States, 2019–2021
  P. A. Boley et al.
• Fatal Powassan Virus Infection in Immunosuppressed Liver Transplant Recipient, Pennsylvania, USA
  D. C. Sung et al.

Supplement

• Characteristics of and Clinical Criteria for Oropouche Virus Disease, United States, May 2024–January 2025
  L. Platt et al.