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Volume 11, Number 12—December 2005
Perspective

Bushmeat Hunting, Deforestation, and Prediction of Zoonotic Disease

Nathan D. Wolfe*Comments to Author , Peter Daszak†, A. Marm Kilpatrick†, and Donald S. Burke*
Author affiliations: *Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland, USA; †Consortium for Conservation Medicine, New York, New York, USA

Main Article

Table

Some zoonotic pathogens that have emerged in the Cameroon–Congo Basin region, 1970–2005*

Pathogen or disease Reservoir species Outcome of transmission Risk behavior Confirmed or probable transmission routes
 Ref.
Body fluids Bites/
saliva Organs/tissues Feces/urine Vectors (indirect)
Arboviruses (dengue, yellow fever) Various Localized outbreaks Human presence in region for habitation, work or leisure X (5,19,
20)
Ebola Unknown Localized epidemics, short timescale Hunting or wildlife necropsy X X X X (21)
Monkeypox Squirrels and others Localized epidemics (at least four transmission cycles recorded) X X (22)
HIV-1 and -2 Chimpanzee, sooty mangabe Repeated single infections or localized outbreaks, followed by national then global emergence Hunting & butchering nonhuman primates X X X (23)
Anthrax Ungulates Single infections or localized epidemics Butchering or eating carcasses X X X
Salmonellosis Range of nonhuman primates Single infections Keeping pets X (24)
Herpes B virus (did not emerge locally) Range of non-human primates Single infections Keeping pets X X X (25)
Cutaneous leishmaniasis, Loa loa Localized outbreaks Logging/road-building, ecotourism, research X X X
Simian foamy viruses Gorilla, mandarin, De Brazza’s guenon, other unknown spp. Exposure without replication, or replication in a single human Hunting nonhuman primates X X X X (26)
Chromomycosis Wood collection X X X

*Note that herpes B virus did not infect humans locally in the Cameroon-Congo basin.

Main Article

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The conclusions, findings, and opinions expressed by authors contributing to this journal do not necessarily reflect the official position of the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, the Public Health Service, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, or the authors' affiliated institutions. Use of trade names is for identification only and does not imply endorsement by any of the groups named above.
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