Volume 11, Number 12—December 2005
Research
Host Range and Emerging and Reemerging Pathogens
Mark E.J. Woolhouse*
and Sonya Gowtage-Sequeria*
and Sonya Gowtage-Sequeria*
Table
Main categories of drivers associated with emergence and reemergence of human pathogens
| Rank* | Driver |
|---|---|
| 1 | Changes in land use or agricultural practices |
| 2 | Changes in human demographics and society |
| 3 | Poor population health (e.g., HIV, malnutrition) |
| 4 | Hospitals and medical procedures |
| 5 | Pathogen evolution (e.g., antimicrobial drug resistance, increased virulence) |
| 6 | Contamination of food sources or water supplies |
| 7 | International travel |
| 8 | Failure of public health programs |
| 9 | International trade |
| 10 | Climate change |
*Ranked by the number of pathogen species associated with them (most to least).
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