Volume 11, Number 3—March 2005
Dispatch
Human Metapneumovirus RNA in Encephalitis Patient
Oliver Schildgen*1
, Thomas Glatzel*1, Tilman Geikowski*, Bärbel Scheibner*, Arne Simon*, Lutz Bindl*, Mark Born*, Sergei Viazov†, Anja Wilkesmann*, Gisela Knöpfle*, Michael Roggendorf†, and Bertfried Matz*
, Thomas Glatzel*1, Tilman Geikowski*, Bärbel Scheibner*, Arne Simon*, Lutz Bindl*, Mark Born*, Sergei Viazov†, Anja Wilkesmann*, Gisela Knöpfle*, Michael Roggendorf†, and Bertfried Matz*
Table 2
Virologic tests performed on patient specimens*†
| Virus | CSF | Brain | Liver | Spleen | Kidney | Lung | Heart | Diagnostic methods | Tested before death? |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| HSV (PCR) | – | – | – | ND | – | – | – | In-house PCR (nested), cell culture | Yes (from CSF and brain biopsy) |
| VZV (PCR) | – | – | ND | ND | ND | – | ND | In-house PCR (nested), cell culture | Yes (from CSF and brain biopsy) |
| Adenovirus (PCR) | – | – | – | – | – | – | In-house PCR (nested) | – | |
| HHV-6 (PCR) | – | – | – | – | – | – | In-house PCR (nested) | – | |
| HBV (PCR) | – | – | – | – | – | – | In-house PCR (nested) | – | |
| HCV (PCR) | – | – | – | – | – | – | In-house PCR (nested) | – | |
| ParvoB19 (PCR) | – | – | – | – | – | – | In-house PCR (nested) | – | |
| CMV (PCR) | – | – | – | – | – | – | In-house PCR (nested), cell culture | – | |
| Enterovirus (PCR) | – | – | – | ND | – | – | In-house RT-PCR, cell culture | – | |
| RSV (Antigen) | ND | ND | ND | ND | – | ND | Antigen ELISA, Directigen RSV (Becton Dickinison, Heidelberg, Germany) | – | |
| RSV (cell culture) | – | – | – | – | – | – | Cell culture | – | |
| Influenza A+B | – | – | – | – | – | – | Cell culture | – | |
| Mumps | – | – | – | – | – | – | Cell culture | Measles excluded, no symptoms of mumps† | |
| Measles | – | – | – | – | – | – | Cell culture | ||
| HMPV (PCR) | – | + | ND | ND | ND | + | ND | In-house RT-PCR (5,13) | – |
| HMPV (PCR from cell culture supernatant) | – | + | ND | ND | ND | + | ND | In-house RT-PCR (5,13) from Vero-cell culture supernatant | – |
*CSF, cerebrospinal fluid; HSV, herpes simplex virus; PCR, polymerase chain reaction; ND, not done; VZV, varicella–zoster virus; HHV, human herpesvirus; HBV, hepatitis B virus; HCV, hepatitis C virus; CMV, cytomegalovirus; RT, reverse transcriptase; RSV, respiratory syncytial virus; ELISA, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay; HMPV, human metapneumovirus.
†Before death, viral encephalitis induced by HSV and VZV was excluded by nested PCR from the CSF and also from a biopsy. Measles and mumps were excluded by the primary anamnestic protocol (no exanthema or other clinical symptoms). The anamnestic protocol also showed a successful vaccination against those pathogens. Furthermore, no clinical symptoms of mumps were observed. Postmortem specimens from brain, lung, kidney, liver, spleen, and heart were mounted on different cell lines. Detailed PCR protocols are available on request.
References
- van den Hoogen BG, de Jong JC, Groen J, Kuiken T, de Groot R, Fouchier RA, A newly discovered human pneumovirus isolated from young children with respiratory tract disease. Nat Med. 2001;7:719–24. DOIPubMedGoogle Scholar
- Bastien N, Ward D, Van Caeseele P, Brandt K, Lee SH, McNabb G, Human metapneumovirus infection in the Canadian population. J Clin Microbiol. 2003;41:4642–6. DOIPubMedGoogle Scholar
- Biacchesi S, Skiadopoulos MH, Boivin G, Hanson CT, Murphy BR, Collins PL, Genetic diversity between human metapneumovirus subgroups. Virology. 2003;315:1–9. DOIPubMedGoogle Scholar
- Peret TC, Boivin G, Li Y, Couillard M, Humphrey C, Osterhaus AD, Characterization of human metapneumoviruses isolated from patients in North America. J Infect Dis. 2002;185:1660–3. DOIPubMedGoogle Scholar
- Viazov S, Ratjen F, Scheidhauer R, Fiedler M, Roggendorf M. High prevalence of human metapneumovirus infection in young children and genetic heterogeneity of the viral isolates. J Clin Microbiol. 2003;41:3043–5. DOIPubMedGoogle Scholar
- van den Hoogen BG, Osterhaus DM, Fouchier RA. Clinical impact and diagnosis of human metapneumovirus infection. Pediatr Infect Dis J. 2004;23(Suppl):S25–32. DOIPubMedGoogle Scholar
- Boivin G, De Serres G, Cote S, Gilca R, Abed Y, Rochette L, Human metapneumovirus infections in hospitalized children. Emerg Infect Dis. 2003;9:634–40.PubMedGoogle Scholar
- Chua KB, Goh KJ, Wong KT, Kamarulzaman A, Tan PS, Ksiazek TG, Fatal encephalitis due to Nipah virus among pig farmers in Malaysia. Lancet. 1999;354:1257–9. DOIPubMedGoogle Scholar
- Gonzalez-Gil J, Zarrabeitia MT, Altuzarra E, Sanchez-Molina I, Calvet R. Hydrocephalus: a fatal late consequence of mumps encephalitis. J Forensic Sci. 2000;45:204–7.PubMedGoogle Scholar
- Hooper PT, Williamson MM. Hendra and Nipah virus infections. Vet Clin North Am Equine Pract. 2000;16:597–603.PubMedGoogle Scholar
- Paton NI, Leo YS, Zaki SR, Auchus AP, Lee KE, Ling AE, Outbreak of Nipah-virus infection among abattoir workers in Singapore. Lancet. 1999;354:1253–6. DOIPubMedGoogle Scholar
- Schneider-Schaulies J, Meulen V, Schneider-Schaulies S. Measles infection of the central nervous system. J Neurovirol. 2003;9:247–52.PubMedGoogle Scholar
- Schildgen O, Geikowski T, Glatzel T, Simon A, Wilkesmann A, Roggendorf M, New variant of the human metapneumovirus (HMPV) associated with an acute and severe exacerbation of asthma bronchiale. J Clin Virol. 2004;31:283–8. DOIPubMedGoogle Scholar
Page created: April 25, 2012
Page updated: April 25, 2012
Page reviewed: April 25, 2012
The conclusions, findings, and opinions expressed by authors contributing to this journal do not necessarily reflect the official position of the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, the Public Health Service, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, or the authors' affiliated institutions. Use of trade names is for identification only and does not imply endorsement by any of the groups named above.