Volume 11, Number 5—May 2005
Research
Risk Factors for Kala-Azar in Bangladesh
Caryn Bern*
, Allen W. Hightower*, Rajib Chowdhury†, Mustakim Ali†, Josef Amann*, Yukiko Wagatsuma†, Rashidul Haque†, Katie Kurkjian*, Louise E. Vaz*, Moarrita Begum†, Tangin Akter†, Catherine B. Cetre-Sossah*, Indu B. Ahluwalia*, Ellen Dotson*, W. Evan Secor*, Robert F. Breiman*†, and James H. Maguire*
, Allen W. Hightower*, Rajib Chowdhury†, Mustakim Ali†, Josef Amann*, Yukiko Wagatsuma†, Rashidul Haque†, Katie Kurkjian*, Louise E. Vaz*, Moarrita Begum†, Tangin Akter†, Catherine B. Cetre-Sossah*, Indu B. Ahluwalia*, Ellen Dotson*, W. Evan Secor*, Robert F. Breiman*†, and James H. Maguire*
Table 3
Household-level factors associated with kala-azar (KA) in univariate analyses adjusted for household clustering, Bangladesh, 2000–2003
| Household characteristic | N* | Cumulative KA incidence, n (%) | OR (95% CI)† | p value |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Farmer or farm laborer | 1,459 | 99 (6.8) | 0.99 (0.78–1.27) | 0.97 |
| Other occupation | 753 | 49 (6.5) | Referent | |
| Monthly income ≥$10 per person | 1,096 | 67 (6.1) | 0.82 (0.55–1.22) | 0.33 |
| Monthly income <$10 per person | 1,112 | 81 (7.3) | Referent | |
| Owns ≥0.2 acres of land | 1,186 | 80 (6.8) | 1.06 (0.72–1.58) | 0.76 |
| Owns <0.2 acres of land | 1,026 | 68 (6.6) | Referent | |
| Owns a bed net | 2,012 | 125 (6.2) | 0.58 (0.35–0.96) | 0.033 |
| Does not own a bed net | 198 | 21 (10.6) | Referent | |
| ≤3 household members per net | 924 | 41 (4.4) | 0.53 (0.35–0.79) | 0.0023 |
| >3 household members per net | 1,374 | 114 (8.3) | Referent | |
| Owns bicycle | 186 | 10 (5.4) | 0.71 (0.36–1.42) | 0.33 |
| Does not own a bicycle | 2,026 | 138 (6.8) | Referent | |
| Owns radio | 497 | 24 (4.8) | 0.65 (0.39–1.08) | 0.1 |
| Does not own a radio | 1,715 | 124 (7.2) | Referent | |
| Head of household can read | 652 | 48 (7.4) | 1.2 (0.78–1.83) | 0.41 |
| Head of household cannot read | 1,560 | 100 (6.4) | Referent | |
| Keeps cattle | 1,050 | 67(6.4) | 0.89 (0.75–1.06) | 0.18 |
| Keeps no cattle | 912 | 63 (6.9) | Referent | |
| Roof made of tin | 1,441 | 93 (6.5) | 1.12 (0.70–1.79) | 0.64 |
| Roof made of thatch or mixed | 511 | 32 (6.3) | Referent | |
| Earthen walls | 1,689 | 113 (6.7) | 1.81 (0.77–4.21) | 0.17 |
| Bamboo, tin, or concrete walls | 269 | 12 (4.5) | Referent | |
| Damp floor | 1,607 | 103 (6.4) | 1.17 (0.59–2.31) | 0.65 |
| Dry floor | 346 | 19 (5.5) | Referent |
*Existing values for each variable.
†OR, odds ratio; CI, confidence interval.
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Page updated: April 24, 2012
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