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Volume 11, Number 9—September 2005
Research

Fluoroquinolone-resistant Escherichia coli, Indonesia

Kuntaman Kuntaman*1, Endang Sri Lestari†1, Juliëtte A. Severin‡1, Irma M. Kershof‡, Ni Made Mertaniasih*, Marijam Purwanta*, Usman Hadi*, James R. Johnson§, Alex van Belkum‡Comments to Author , Henri A. Verbrugh‡, on behalf of the Antimicrobial Resistance in IndonesiaPrevalence and Prevention study group
Author affiliations: *Airlangga University, Surabaya, Indonesia; †Diponegoro University, Semarang, Indonesia; ‡Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands; §Minneapolis Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA

Main Article

Table 3

Distribution of phylogenetic groups and virulence factors*

Characteristic Prevalence of associated characteristic, n (%)
All isolates (n = 44) FQ-susceptible (n = 40) FQ-resistant (n = 4) p values
Group A 16 (36) 14 (35) 2 (50) NS
Group B1 14 (32) 14 (35) 0 NS
Group B2 9 (21) 9 (23) 0 NS
Group D 5 (11) 3 (8) 2 (50) NS
Surabaya 23 (52) 22 (55) 1 (25) NS
Semarang 21 (48) 18 (45) 3 (75) NS
Admission 13 (30) 12 (30) 1 (25) NS
Discharge 16 (36) 14 (35) 2 (50) NS
PHC 10 (23) 9 (23) 1 (25) NS
Relatives 5 (11) 5 (13) 0 NS
iha 25 (58) 25 (64) 0 0.025
sat 25 (58) 25 (64) 0 0.025
fyuA 35 (81) 35 (90) 0 0.001
ibeA 3 (7) 1 (3) 2 (50) 0.019
malX 26 (60) 26 (67) 0 0.019

*FQ, fluoroquinolone; NS, not significant; PHC, primary healthcare center. Extended virulence typing was performed for 39 FQ-susceptible isolates and 4 FQ-resistant isolates. Only those virulence factors are shown for which the comparison of FQ-resistant extraintestinal pathogenic Escherichia coli (ExPEC) to FQ-susceptible ExPEC was significant.

Main Article

1The first 3 authors contributed equally to this manuscript.

2Widjoseno Gardjito, Erni P. Kolopaking, Djoko Roeshadi, Eddy Rahardjo, Hari Parathon, Kuntaman Kuntaman, Ni Made Mertaniasih, Nun Zairina, Endang Isbandiati, Mariyatul Qibtiyah, Marijam Purwanta, Usman Hadi, Ariawan Soejoenoes, Budi Riyanto, Hendro Wahyono, Musrichan Adhisaputro, Bambang Triwara, Endang Sri Lestari, Bambang Wibowo, Muchlis AU Sofro, Helmia Farida, Peterhans van den Broek, Offra Duerink, Henri Verbrugh, Inge Gyssens, and Monique Keuters.

3ExPEC: papEF (P fimbrial tip pilins); papG (P adhesin); papG alleles I, II, and III; sfaS (S fimbriae); focG (F1C fimbriae); iha (putative adhesin-siderophore); bmaE (M fimbriae); gafD (G fimbriae); F17a (F17a fimbriae); clpG (CS31A adhesin); afaE8 (afimbrial adhesin VIII); fimH (type 1 fimbriae); cnf1 (cytotoxic necrotizing factor); cdtB (cytolethal distending toxin); ireA (siderophore receptor); sat (secreted autotransporter toxin); astA (S-like enterotoxin); iroN (siderophore receptor); fyuA (yersiniabactin receptor); kpsM II, K1, and K2 (kpsM II variants; group 2 capsule); kpsM III (group 3 capsule); rfc (O4 lipopolysaccharide synthesis); cvaC (colicin V); traT (serum-resistance associated outer membrane protein); ibeA (invasion of brain endothelium); ompT (outer membrane protease T); iss (increased serum survival); usp (uropathogenic specific protein); malX (marker for pathogenicity-associated island from strain CFT073); and H7 fliC variant (flagellin).

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