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Volume 12, Number 3—March 2006
Research
Chemoprophylaxis and Malaria Death Rates
Gérard Krause*
, Irene Schöneberg*, Doris Altmann*, and Klaus Stark*
, Irene Schöneberg*, Doris Altmann*, and Klaus Stark*
Table 1
Univariate analysis of risk factors for fatal outcome of imported Plasmodium falciparum malaria in nonimmune patients, Germany 1993–2004
| Risk factor | Odds ratio | 95% confidence interval | p value |
|---|---|---|---|
| Chemoprophylaxis, total (n = 3,752) | |||
| No | 1 | ||
| Yes | 0.743 | 0.493-1.121 | 0.157 |
| Chemoprophylaxis, comparison of regimens (n = 3,752) | 0.047 | ||
| None (n = 2,171) | 1 | ||
| Chloroquine alone (n = 485) | 1.372 | 0.824-2.285 | 0.225 |
| Proguanil alone (n = 59) | 0.550 | 0.075-4.030 | 0.556 |
| Mefloquine alone (n = 322) | 0.503 | 0.201-1.258 | 0.142 |
| Chloroquine plus proguanil (n = 459) | 0.280 | 0.102-0.773 | 0.014 |
| Other (n = 256)* | 0.765 | 0.328-1.784 | 0.536 |
| Compliance of chemoprophylaxis (n = 3717) | 0.293† | ||
| No chemoprophylaxis | 1 | ||
| Chemoprophylaxis with incomplete or unknown compliance | 0.829 | 0.535-1.284 | 0.401 |
| Chemoprophylaxis complete | 0.538 | 0.231-1.249 | 0.149 |
| Age (n = 3,844) | |||
| Continuously (by year) | 1.055 | 1.040-1.070 | <0.001 |
| Sex (n = 3,901) | |||
| Female | 1 | ||
| Male | 1.141 | 0.768-1.695 | 0.515 |
| Country of infection in Africa (n = 3,832) | |||
| No | 1 | ||
| Yes | 3.642 | 1.150-11.529 | 0.028 |
| Reporting year (n = 3,935) | 0.004† | ||
*235 were combinations of drugs that are not officially recommended regimens, 15 were doxycycline alone, and 6 were atovaquone/proguanil.
†Overall p value for the categoric variable.
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