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Volume 12, Number 4—April 2006

Research

Reducing Legionella Colonization of Water Systems with Monochloramine

Brendan Flannery*Comments to Author , Lisa B. Gelling†, Duc J. Vugia‡, June M. Weintraub§, James J. Salerno¶, Michael J. Conroy¶, Valerie A. Stevens*, Charles E. Rose*, Matthew R. Moore*, Barry S. Fields*, and Richard E. Besser*
Author affiliations: *Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA; †California Emerging Infections Program, Oakland, California, USA; ‡California Department of Health Services, Richmond, California, USA; §City and County of San Francisco Department of Public Health, San Francisco, California, USA; ¶San Francisco Public Utilities Commission, Burlingame, California, USA

Main Article

Table 3

Factors associated with Legionella colonization of water heaters in sampled buildings, San Francisco, California

Factor No. samples % Legionella colonization Adjusted prevalence ratio (95% CI)* p value
Residual disinfectant
Chlorine 157 29 Referent
Chloramine 159 1 0.04 (0.01–0.21) <0.001
Water heater temperature, °C
<30 29 21 Referent
30–39 68 24 0.43 (0.27–0.70) 0.001
40–49 131 18 0.27 (0.16–0.46) 0.001
>50 88 1 0.09 (0.05–0.18) 0.001
Building height (stories)
3–10 215 11 Referent
>10 101 24 2.96 (1.51–5.79) 0.002
Disruption in service in last 3 mo
Yes 39 26 2.26 (1.31–3.88) 0.003
No 277 13 Referent

*Prevalence ratios and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were adjusted for repeated sampling and for effects of all other variables.

Main Article

Page created: January 24, 2012
Page updated: January 24, 2012
Page reviewed: January 24, 2012
The conclusions, findings, and opinions expressed by authors contributing to this journal do not necessarily reflect the official position of the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, the Public Health Service, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, or the authors' affiliated institutions. Use of trade names is for identification only and does not imply endorsement by any of the groups named above.
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