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Volume 12, Number 4—April 2006
Research

Reducing Legionella Colonization of Water Systems with Monochloramine

Brendan Flannery*Comments to Author , Lisa B. Gelling†, Duc J. Vugia‡, June M. Weintraub§, James J. Salerno¶, Michael J. Conroy¶, Valerie A. Stevens*, Charles E. Rose*, Matthew R. Moore*, Barry S. Fields*, and Richard E. Besser*
Author affiliations: *Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA; †California Emerging Infections Program, Oakland, California, USA; ‡California Department of Health Services, Richmond, California, USA; §City and County of San Francisco Department of Public Health, San Francisco, California, USA; ¶San Francisco Public Utilities Commission, Burlingame, California, USA

Main Article

Table 4

Factors associated with Legionella colonization at point-of-use outlets in sampled buildings, San Francisco, California

Factor No. samples % Legionella colonization Adjusted prevalence ratio (95% CI)* p value
Residual disinfectant
Chlorine 617 39 Referent
Chloramine 627 1 0.04 (0.02–0.09) <0.001
Water heater colonized with Legionella spp.
Yes 182 74 1.74 (1.26–2.40) <0.001
No 1,062 11 Referent
Temperature of water at point-of-use outlet, °C
<30 23 13 Referent
30–39 268 24 0.90 (0.39–2.08) 0.8
40–49 786 22 0.85 (0.35–2.05) 0.7
>50 175 10 0.75 (0.29–1.90) 0.5
Building height (stories)
3–10 855 15 Referent
>10 397 31 1.85 (1.46–2.35) <0.001
Disruption in service in last 3 mo
Yes 142 23 1.34 (0.99–1.81) 0.06
No 1,109 20 Referent

*Prevalence ratios and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were adjusted for repeated sampling and correlations between samples taken from the same building and for the effects of all other variables. Twenty-eight observations were missing.

Main Article

Page created: January 24, 2012
Page updated: January 24, 2012
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The conclusions, findings, and opinions expressed by authors contributing to this journal do not necessarily reflect the official position of the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, the Public Health Service, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, or the authors' affiliated institutions. Use of trade names is for identification only and does not imply endorsement by any of the groups named above.
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