Volume 12, Number 6—June 2006
Research
Social Behavior and Meningococcal Carriage in British Teenagers
Jenny MacLennan*, George Kafatos†, Keith Neal‡, Nick Andrews†, J. Claire Cameron§, Richard Roberts¶, Meirion R. Evans#, Kathy Cann**, David N. Baxter††, Martin C.J. Maiden*, James M. Stuart‡‡
, on behalf of the United Kingdom Meningococcal Carriage Group
, on behalf of the United Kingdom Meningococcal Carriage Group
Table 4
Multivariable analysis of independent risk factors for meningococcal carriage in British teenagers, based on 12,437 samples with complete information*
| Variable | OR (95% CI) | p value |
|---|---|---|
| Age (y) | ||
| 15 | 1.00, reference | |
| 16 | 0.79 (0.61–1.03) | |
| 17 | 0.89 (0.68–1.16) | |
| 18, 19 | 0.98 (0.73–1.32) | 0.025 |
| No. cigarettes smoked/day | ||
| None | 1.00, reference | |
| 1–5 | 1.55 (1.33–1.81) | |
| 6–10 | 1.69 (1.43–2.00) | |
| 11–20 | 1.62 (1.29–2.03) | |
| >21 | 0.95 (0.41–2.23) | <0.001 |
| Other smokers at home | ||
| No | 1.00, reference | |
| Yes | 1.17 (1.05–1.30) | 0.004 |
| No. persons kissed in last week | ||
| 0 | 1.00, reference | |
| 1 | 1.49 (1.34–1.66) | |
| 2 | 1.25 (1.00–1.57) | |
| 3 | 2.00 (1.44–2.78) | |
| 4–5 | 1.41 (1.05–1.91) | <0.001 |
| Nights attended pub or club in last week | ||
| 0 | 1.00, reference | |
| 1 | 1.52 (1.33–1.75) | |
| 2 | 1.68 (1.44–1.96) | |
| 3 | 1.84 (1.52–2.21) | |
| 4 | 1.90 (1.50–2.42) | |
| 5–7 | 2.27 (1.79–2.87) | <0.001 |
| No. persons/room | ||
| 0–1 | 1.00, reference | |
| >1–1.5 | 1.01 (0.76–1.34) | |
| >1.5 | 0.57 (0.29–1.12) | 0.267 |
| Recent antimicrobial drug | ||
| None | 1.00, reference | |
| Current | 0.51 (0.38–0.67) | |
| Stopped last week | 0.81 (0.57–1.13) | |
| Stopped last month | 0.66 (0.52–0.83) | <0.001 |
| Carstairs score, per unit | 1.00 (0.98–1.02) | 0.909 |
| School type | ||
| Comprehensive | 1.00, reference | |
| Independent/grammar | 1.04 (0.67–1.60) | |
| Sixth college | 0.67 (0.32–1.40) | |
| College | 0.82 (0.49–1.37) | 0.681 |
| School size | ||
| Small (<200 pupils) | 1.00, reference | |
| Medium (200–499) | 0.92 (0.65–1.30) | |
| Large (>500) | 1.18 (0.6–2.06) | 0.617 |
| Center | ||
| Cardiff | 1.00, reference | |
| Glasgow | 0.89 (0.62–1.28) | |
| Bangor | 1.33 (0.83–2.14) | |
| Nottingham | 1.45 (0.86–2.44) | |
| Oxford | 1.46 (0.99–2.16) | |
| Plymouth | 0.48 (0.31–0.74) | |
| Stockport | 1.99 (1.01–3.90) | <0.001 |
*OR, odds ratio; CI, confidence interval.
1United Kingdom Meningococcal Carriage Group: S. Ahmed, D.A.A. Ala'aldeen, N. Andrews, R.A. Barnes, D.N. Baxter, J.C. Cameron, K. Cann, A.D. Carr, D. Casey, M. Clacher, S.C. Clarke, D.W. Crook, R. Cunningham, K.T. Dunkin, M.R. Evans, S. Gray, D. Griffiths, S. Harrison, E.B. Kaczmarski, G. Kafatos, J.S. Kroll, Y.K. Lau, G. Lewendon, C. Lewis, J.M. MacLennan, M.C.J. Maiden, P. Marks, R. Mathews, J. Murray, K. Neal, A. Paull, M.E. Ramsay, C. Roberts, J.M. Stuart, D. Turner, R. Urwin, A.M. Walker, S. Welch.
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