Volume 12, Number 9—September 2006
Research
Fluoroquinolones and Risk for Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus, Canada
Louiselle LeBlanc*, Jacques Pépin*
, Krystel Toulouse*, Marie-France Ouellette*, Marie-Andrée Coulombe*, Marie-Pier Corriveau*, and Marie-Eve Alary*
, Krystel Toulouse*, Marie-France Ouellette*, Marie-Andrée Coulombe*, Marie-Pier Corriveau*, and Marie-Eve Alary*
Table 1
MRSA colonization according to demographic, clinical, and pharmaceutical characteristics during 2,767 episodes of care*
| Characteristic | Crude hazard ratio (95% CI) | Adjusted hazard ratio (95% CI) | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Age, y | |||
| 18–64 | 1.00 | 1.00 | |
| 65–79 | 1.60 (0.96–2.68) | 1.37 (0.82–2.30) | |
| >80 | 3.04 (1.90–4.86)† | 2.66 (1.64–4.31)† | |
| Hospital stay,‡ days | |||
| 1–7 | 1.00 | 1.00 | |
| 8–14 | 2.24 (1.01–4.99)§ | 2.01 (0.90–4.49) | |
| >15 | 4.69 (2.28–9.63)† | 3.22 (1.55–6.72)§ | |
| Charlson comorbidity index | |||
| 0 | 1.00 | NS | |
| 1–3 | 1.46 (0.75–2.86) | ||
| 4–6 | 2.42 (1.24–4.73)§ | ||
| >7 |
1.88 (0.89–4.00) |
||
| History of | |||
| Diabetes mellitus | 1.13 (0.16–8.23) | NS | |
| Chronic renal failure | 1.52 (1.07–2.18)§ | NS | |
| Peripheral vascular disease | 1.16 (0.83–1.63) | NS | |
| Ischemic heart disease | 1.34 (0.97–1.84) | NS | |
| Peptic ulcer disease | 1.89 (1.26–2.83)§ | 1.70 (1.13–2.54)§ | |
| Procedures and care | |||
| ICU stay | 1.19 (0.85–1.67) | NS | |
| Surgery | 1.09 (0.77–1.55) | NS | |
| Tube feeding |
1.63 (0.94–2.83) |
NS |
|
| Antimicrobial drugs received | |||
| Quinolones | 2.88 (2.09–4.00)† | 2.57 (1.84–3.60)† | |
| Cephalosporins | |||
| 1st generation | 0.87 (0.54–1.41) | NS | |
| 2nd generation | 1.48 (1.02–2.14)§ | NS | |
| 3rd generation | 1.41 (0.90–2.22) | NS | |
| Macrolides | 1.11 (0.58–2.10) | NS | |
| Clindamycin | 2.23 (1.13–4.37) | NS | |
| IV β-lactam/β-lactamase inhibitors | 1.39 (0.84–2.31) | NS | |
| Amoxicillin/clavulanic acid | 1.25 (0.58–2.67) | NS | |
| Carbapenems | 1.67 (0.62–4.52) | NS | |
| Narrow-spectrum penicillins¶ | 0.70 (0.39–1.26) | 0.45 (0.24–0.85)§ | |
| Aminoglycosides | 1.56 (0.87–2.85) | NS | |
| Cotrimoxazole | 0.62 (0.23–1.67) | 0.27 (0.07–1.08) | |
| Metronidazole | 2.22 (1.55–3.20)† | NS | |
| IV vancomycin | 0.93 (0.41–2.10) | NS | |
| Oral vancomycin | 1.31 (0.56–3.09) | NS | |
| Other drugs received | |||
| Proton pump inhibitors | 1.62 (1.15–2.27)§ | NS | |
| H2 blockers | 1.43 (1.01–2.02)§ | 1.37 (0.94–1.96) | |
| Corticosteroids | 1.33 (0.95–1.88) | NS | |
*MRSA, methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus. CI, confidence interval; NS, not significant; ICU, intensive care unit; IV, intravenous.
†p<0.001.
‡Duration of stay, including all admissions during that episode of care.
§p<0.05.
¶Penicillin, ampicillin, amoxicillin, cloxacillin.
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Page updated: November 18, 2011
Page reviewed: November 18, 2011
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