Volume 12, Number 9—September 2006
Research
Fluoroquinolones and Risk for Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus, Canada
Louiselle LeBlanc*, Jacques Pépin*
, Krystel Toulouse*, Marie-France Ouellette*, Marie-Andrée Coulombe*, Marie-Pier Corriveau*, and Marie-Eve Alary*
, Krystel Toulouse*, Marie-France Ouellette*, Marie-Andrée Coulombe*, Marie-Pier Corriveau*, and Marie-Eve Alary*
Table 2
MRSA infection according to demographic, clinical, and pharmaceutical characteristics during 7,371 episodes of care*
| Characteristic | Crude hazard ratio (95% CI) | Adjusted hazard ratio (95% CI) | |
|---|---|---|---|
| MRSA colonization at admission† | |||
| Screening negative | 1.00 | 1.00 | |
| No screening | 1.63 (0.57–4.70) | 1.69 (0.58–4.88) | |
| Screening positive | 53.46 (16.95–168.6)‡ | 43.66 (13.46–141.6)‡ | |
| Age, y | |||
| 18–64 | 1.00 | NS | |
| 65–79 | 2.90 (1.04–8.08)§ | ||
| >80 | 0.88 (0.24–3.29) | ||
| Hospital stay,¶ days | |||
| 1–7 | 1.00 | NS | |
| 8–14 | 1.34 (0.37–4.81) | ||
| >15 | 2.76 (1.00–7.65) § | ||
| Charlson comorbidity index | |||
| 0 | 1.00 | NS | |
| 1–3 | 2.15 (0.47–9.83) | ||
| 4–6 | 2.41 (0.48–11.98) | ||
| >7 |
5.27 (1.01–27.43)§ |
||
| History of | |||
| Diabetes mellitus | 1.62 (0.69–3.83) | NS | |
| Chronic renal failure | 1.14 (0.39–3.36) | NS | |
| Peripheral vascular disease | 2.60 (1.14–5.91)§ | NS | |
| Ischemic heart disease | 2.47 (1.07–5.71)§ | NS | |
| Peptic ulcer disease | 4.95 (2.10–11.69)‡ | 4.79 (1.99–11.53)‡ | |
| Procedures and care | |||
| ICU stay | 3.08 (1.35–7.03)§ | NS | |
| Surgery | 4.62 (2.01–10.59)‡ | 5.70 (2.41–13.48)‡ | |
| Tube feeding |
5.60 (1.88–16.67)§ |
NS |
|
| Antimicrobial drugs received | |||
| Quinolones | 4.65 (2.00–10.81)‡ | 2.49 (1.02–6.07)§ | |
| Cephalosporins | |||
| 1st generation | 3.19 (1.25–8.15)§ | NS | |
| 2nd generation | 2.53 (1.04–6.17)§ | NS | |
| 3rd generation | 1.06 (0.25–4.54) | NS | |
| Macrolides | 0.82 (0.11–6.10) | NS | |
| Clindamycin | 4.37 (1.02–18.71)§ | NS | |
| IV β-lactam/β-lactam inhibitors | 0.79 (0.11–5.91) | NS | |
| Amoxicillin/clavulanic acid | 1.80 (0.24–13.45) | NS | |
| Carbapenems | 0.00 | NS | |
| Narrow-spectrum penicillins# | 2.25 (0.76–6.64) | NS | |
| Aminoglycosides | 2.20 (0.51–9.43) | NS | |
| Cotrimoxazole | 0.00 | NS | |
| Metronidazole | 3.02 (1.18–7.72)§ | NS | |
| IV vancomycin | 3.48 (0.81–15.02) | NS | |
| Oral vancomycin | 0.00 | NS | |
| Other drugs received | |||
| Proton pump inhibitors | 1.27 (0.54–3.01) | NS | |
| H2 blockers | 0.00 | NS | |
| Corticosteroids | 3.06 (1.34–7.01)§ | 2.42 (1.02–5.75)§ | |
*MRSA, methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus; CI, confidence interval; NS, not significant; ICU, intensive care unit; IV, intravenous.
†MRSA screening includes swabbing of anterior nares, perineum, and dermal lesions.
‡p<0.001
§p<0.05
¶Duration of stay, including all admissions during that episode of care.
#Penicillin, ampicillin, amoxicillin, cloxacillin.
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Page updated: November 18, 2011
Page reviewed: November 18, 2011
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