Volume 13, Number 4—April 2007
Research
Spanish Influenza in Japanese Armed Forces, 1918–1920
Akihiko Kawana*
, Go Naka*, Yuji Fujikura*, Yasuyuki Kato*, Yasutaka Mizuno*, Tatsuya Kondo*, and Koichiro Kudo*
, Go Naka*, Yuji Fujikura*, Yasuyuki Kato*, Yasutaka Mizuno*, Tatsuya Kondo*, and Koichiro Kudo*
Table
Characteristics of patients who survived influenza with those who died of influenza, Fifth Japanese Army Garrison Hospital, 1919–1920*
| Characteristic | Patients who survived (n = 124) | Patients who died (n = 8) | p value |
|---|---|---|---|
| Age, y |
22.7 |
22.8 |
>0.9 |
| Medical history |
31/116 |
2/8 |
>0.9 |
| Body temperature at time of hospitalization, °C |
38.7 |
39.9 |
0.0005 |
| Heart rate, beats/min |
89 |
106 |
0.004 |
| Rales |
63/116 |
8/8 |
0.01 |
| Reddening of throat |
98/116 |
7/8 |
>0.9 |
| Digestive symptoms |
23/116 |
4/8 |
0.07 |
| “Agonized facial expression”† |
5/116 |
3/8 |
0.009 |
| No. days from onset of illness to hospitalization |
4.5 |
6.8 |
0.14 |
| No. days hospitalized | 14.8 | 7.1 | 0.04 |
*Mann-Whitney U test was used to test differences between the 2 groups. Fisher exact test was used to test differences in the ratio of the cross-calculation table. One case (at day 79) was excluded. This patient was admitted to the hospital with flulike symptoms but died of a bacterial infection.
†A painful expression as reported by Japanese doctors.
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