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Volume 14, Number 10—October 2008
Research

Norwalk Virus Shedding after Experimental Human Infection

Robert L. AtmarComments to Author , Antone R. Opekun, Mark A. Gilger, Mary K. Estes, Sue E. Crawford, Frederick H. Neill, and David Y. Graham
Author affiliations: Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA;

Main Article

Table

Fecal virus shedding among 16 participants inoculated with Norwalk virus*

Participant no. Estimated Norwalk virus inoculum dose (RT-PCR units) First–last study days† postinoculation when symptoms present First–last study days IMC 
RT-PCR positive Day peak virus titer (character of feces) Peak qRT-PCR virus titer (log10/g) First–last study days postinoculation when antigen positive
Met clinical definition of gastroenteritis
Had diarrhea and vomiting
706 4,800 2 2–28‡ 2 (liquid) 11.1 2–9
707 4,800 2–4 1–30‡ 2 (liquid) 9.5 4–8
710 4,800 1–2 2–30‡ 5 (solid) 10.9 2–7
722 48 2 2–48 4 (solid) 11.7 2–8
724 4.8 2–3 2–56 3 (solid) 11.4 2–6
Had vomiting only
701 4,800 1–2 1–29‡ 4 (solid) 10.8 3–10
720§ 48 2 2–56 4 (solid) 11.5 2–9
721 48 1–3 2–21 4 (solid) 11.7 2–10
723 48 2 1–50 4 (solid) 12.2 2–6
731 4.8 2–3 5–10 5 (solid) 10.0 None
732 4.8 2–3 2–15 3 (solid) 11.9 2–6
Median

2
2–30‡
4 (solid)
11.4
2–8
Did not meet clinical definition of gastroenteritis
703 4,800 2–3 1–32‡ 2 (solid) 10.7 2–9
704 4,800 2–3 4–21‡ 5 (solid) 9.2 5–7
715§ 48 2–3 1–28 3 (solid) 11.7 2–5
716§ 48 2–3 1–20 4 (unformed) 10.1 3–7
717 48 3 4–13 4 (solid) 9.3 None
Median 2–3 1–21‡ 4 (solid) 10.1 2–7

*RT–PCR, reverse transcription–PCR; IMC, immunomagnetic capture; qRT-PCR, quantitative PCR.
†Study days are reported as calendar days; study day 1 began ≈5–6 h postinoculation.
‡Fecal samples only collected for 30 d postinoculation.
§Watery feces with mass <200 g.

Main Article

Page created: July 13, 2010
Page updated: July 13, 2010
Page reviewed: July 13, 2010
The conclusions, findings, and opinions expressed by authors contributing to this journal do not necessarily reflect the official position of the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, the Public Health Service, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, or the authors' affiliated institutions. Use of trade names is for identification only and does not imply endorsement by any of the groups named above.
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