Volume 15, Number 7—July 2009
Peer Reviewed Report Available Online Only
Meeting on Establishment of Consortium to Study Invasive Salmonelloses in Sub-Saharan Africa
John D. Clemens
Table
Characteristics of fever surveillance sites presented during meeting to form a fever surveillance consortium in sub-Saharan Africa, Kilifi, Kenya, January 24, 2009*
| Location | Type of surveillance | Age group | Inclusion criteria | Laboratory tests |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Agogo, Republic of Ghana (rural) |
Hospital-based, passive |
>2 m |
History of (72 h) or acute fever and severe disease |
Blood culture, malaria smear |
| Kilifi, Kenya (rural) |
Hospital-based, passive |
Pediatric population |
All pediatric admissions |
Blood culture, HIV test, malaria smear |
| Bamako, Mali (urban and rural) |
Hospital-based, passive |
0–15 y |
Fever >39°C, clinical syndrome suggestive of invasive bacterial disease |
Blood culture, malaria smear |
| Lambaréné, Gabon (rural) |
Hospital-based, passive |
All ages (at physicians request) |
Severe disease with fever |
Blood culture, HIV test, malaria smear |
| Muheza, Tanzania (rural) |
Hospital-based, passive |
2 m–14 y |
History of (72 h) or acute fever and severe disease |
Blood culture, HIV test, malaria smear |
| Moshi, Tanzania (urban and rural) |
Hospital-based, passive |
>2 mo |
Child: history (72 h) or acute fever and severe disease; Adult: fever >38.0°C (oral) |
Blood culture, HIV test, malaria smear |
| Nairobi, Kenya (urban) |
Population-based, active with household- and clinic-based surveillance |
All ages |
Fever >38.5°C or suspected severe pneumonia |
Blood culture, malaria smear, HIV test, NP/OP swabs of patients meeting pneumonia or influenza criteria |
| Pemba, Zanzibar (rural) |
Hospital-based, passive |
>2 mo |
Fever >3 d |
Blood culture, HIV test, malaria smear |
| Abuja, Nigeria (urban and rural) |
Hospital based, passive |
2–59 mo |
Fever <14 d |
Blood culture, malaria smear, HIV test, APR |
| Blantyre, Malawi (urban and rural) |
Hospital-based, passive |
Few neonates; largely >2 mo |
Any nonmalarial febrile illness/ suspicion of invasive bacterial infection |
Blood culture, CSF, HIV test, malaria smear, radiology, sputum smear and culture |
| South Africa (countrywide) | Active laboratory surveillance | All ages | NA; all invasive/noninvasive salmonellae isolated | Specimen culture |
*NP, nasopharyngeal; OP, oropharyngeal; APR, acute-phase reactant; CSF, cerebrospinal fluid; NA, not available.
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