Volume 16, Number 10—October 2010
Dispatch
Predicting Need for Hospitalization of Patients with Pandemic (H1N1) 2009, Chicago, Illinois, USA
, and Gordon M. Trenholme
Table 1
Demographics of nonhospitalized and hospitalized patients who had pandemic (H1N1) 2009 infection, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois, USA, April 29–June 22, 2009*
| Characteristic | Nonhospitalized patients, n = 51 | Hospitalized patients, n = 32 | ICU patients, n = 16 | Nonhospitalized vs. hospitalized patients |
ICU vs. non–ICU patients† |
|||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| p value | OR (95% CI) | p value | OR (95% CI) | |||||
| Median age, y (IQR) | 20.0 (9.0–28.0) | 12.0 (2.0–38.8) | 2.5 (1.13–31.8) | 0.70‡ | – | 0.16‡ | – | |
| Age <5 y, no. (%) | 8 (15.7) | 12 (37.5) | 9 (56.3) | 0.02§ | 3.2 (1.1–9.1) | 0.002 | 6.6 (2.0–21.3) | |
| Sex, M/F (% M) | 23/28 (45.1) | 12/20 (37.5) | 5/11 (31.3) | 0.50§ | 0.73 (0.30–1.8) | 0.33§ | 0.56 (0.18–1.8) | |
| Presence of high- risk conditions,¶ no. (%) | 21 (41.2) | 29 (90.6) | 16 (100) | <0.0001§ | 13.8 (3.7–51.3) | <0.0001 | – | |
| No. high-conditions per patient,¶ median (range) | 0 (0–2) | 2 (0–4) | 2 (1–3) | <0.0001‡# | – | <0.0001‡ | – | |
| Chronic pulmonary disease, no. (%) | 11 (21.6) | 13 (40.6) | 9 (56.3) | 0.06§ | 2.5 (0.94–6.6) | 0.01 | 4.5 (1.4–14.0) | |
| History of prematurity, no. (%) | 0 | 6 (18.8) | 5 (31.3) | 0.002 | – | 0.001 | 30.0 (3.2–281.8) | |
| Congenital heart disease,** no. (%) | 0 | 2 (6.3) | 2 (12.5) | 0.15 | – | 0.04 | – | |
| Transplantation,†† no. (%) | 1 (2.0) | 3 (9.4) | 1 (6.3) | 0.29 | 5.2 (0.51–52.1) | 1.00 | 1.4 (0.14–14.6) | |
| Hemoglobinopathy, no. (%) | 0 | 4 (12.5) | 2 (12.5) | 0.02 | – | 0.17 | 4.6 (0.6–35.8) | |
| Diabetes mellitus, no. (%) | 3 (5.9) | 5 (15.6) | 3 (18.8) | 0.25 | 3.0 (0.66–13.4) | 0.18 | 2.9 (0.6–13.5) | |
| Chronic neurologic disease | 2 (3.9) | 7 (21.9) | 4 (25.0) | 0.02 | 6.9 (1.3–35.5) | 0.07 | 4.1 (1.0–17.7) | |
| Immunosuppression, no. (%) | 2 (3.9) | 5 (15.6) | 3 (18.8) | 0.10 | 4.5 (0.82–25.0) | 0.13 | 3.6 (0.7–18.2) | |
| Malignancy, no. (%) | 0 | 3 (9.4) | 1 (6.3) | 0.054 | – | 0.48 | 2.2 (0.2–25.5) | |
| Pregnancy, no. (%)‡‡ | 1 (4) | 3 (15.0) | 0 | 0.29 | 4.8 (0.46–49.6) | 0.56 | – | |
*p values by Fisher exact test except as indicated. ICU, intensive care unit; OR, odds ratio; CI, confidence interval; IQR, interquartile range; –, not applicable.
†Nonhospitalized patients + hospitalized patients not in ICU; n = 67.
‡Mann-Whitney U test.
§Pearson 2-sided χ2 test.
¶High-risk conditions as defined by Centers for Disease Control and Prevention: <5 y or >65 y; pregnancy; immunosuppression; chronic pulmonary, cardiovascular, hepatic, hematologic, neurologic, neuromuscular, or metabolic disorders; long-term aspirin therapy in those <18 y of age.
#Significant on multivariate analysis.
**Tetralogy of Fallot (1), patent ductus arteriosus status postmedical closure (1).
†† Renal transplant (2), liver transplant (1), heart transplant (1).
‡‡Percentage of female patients.