Volume 16, Number 2—February 2010
CME ACTIVITY - Research
Risk Factors for and Estimated Incidence of Community-associated Clostridium difficile Infection, North Carolina, USA1
Preeta K. Kutty, Christopher W. Woods, Arlene C. Sena, Stephen R. Benoit, Susanna Naggie, Joyce Frederick, Sharon Evans, Jeffery Engel, and L. Clifford McDonald
Table 3
Results of community-associated Clostridium difficile infection case–control study, Durham County, North Carolina, USA, 2005*
| Characteristics | No. (%) persons |
OR (95% CI) | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Case-patients, n = 73 | Controls, n = 48 | ||
| Demographics | |||
| Median age, y (range) | 61 (20–101) | 55 (22–87) | |
| Female gender | 57 (58) | 34 (71) | |
| Non-Hispanic white race |
34 (47) |
35 (73) |
0.32 (0.12–0.7)† |
| Coexisting health conditions | |||
| Cardiac failure | 20 (27) | 5 (10) | 3.24 (1.12–9.4)† |
| GERD | 20 (27) | 2 (4) | 8.7 (1.9–39.1)† |
| Hypertension |
36 (49) |
13 (27) |
2.6 (1.2–5.7)† |
| Exposures‡ | |||
| Antimicrobial drugs | 32 (44) | 8 (17) | 3.9 (1.6–9.5)† |
| NSAIDs | 13 (17.8) | 24 (50) | 0.2 (0.1–0.5)† |
| Gastric acid suppressors | 15 (21) | 5 (10) | 2.2 (0.75–6.6) |
| H2 blockers | 6 (8) | 3 (6) | 1.3 (0.3–5.6) |
| Proton pump inhibitor | 9 (12) | 2 (4) | 3.2 (0.7–15.7) |
| GERD |
20 (27) |
2 (4) |
8.7 (1.9–39.1)† |
| Multivariable analysis§ | |||
| Antimicrobial drugs | 9.1 (2.9–28.9)†¶ | ||
| NSAIDs | 0.2 (0.1–0.5)†¶ | ||
| GERD | 11.2 (1.9–64.2)†¶ | ||
| White race | 0.2 (0.05–0.40)†¶ | ||
| Cardiac failure | 3.8 (1.1–13.7)†¶ | ||
*OR, odds ratio; CI, confidence interval; GERD, gastroesophageal reflux disease; NSAIDs, nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs.
†p<0.05.
‡Exposures among case-patients were within 3 months prior to the test date; exposures for controls were for all of 2005.
§Goodness-of-fit tests: residual χ2, p = 0.38; Hosmer and Lemeshow, p = 0.77.
¶Adjusted OR.
1Presented in part at the 44th Annual Meeting of the Infectious Diseases Society of America, Toronto, Ontario, Canada, October 12–15, 2006.
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