Volume 16, Number 3—March 2010
Research
Invasive Haemophilus influenzae Disease, Europe, 1996–2006
, Mary P.E. Slack, Paul T. Heath, Anne von Gottberg, Manosree Chandra, Mary E. Ramsay, and European Union Invasive Bacterial Infection Surveillance participants1
Table 4
Epidemiology, diagnosis, and outcome of invasive non–type b Haemophilus influenzae infections, by serotype and age group, Europe, 1996–2006*
| Data | Hia, n = 26 | Hic, n = 9 | Hid, n = 12 | Hie, n = 143 | Hif, n = 500 | Total, N = 690 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Diagnosis, no. (%) cases | ||||||
| Bacteremia | 5 (19.2) | 1 (11.1) | 0 | 44 (30.8) | 157 (31.4) | 207 (30.0) |
| Pneumonia | 3 (11.5) | 3 (33.3) | 2 (16.7) | 28 (19.6) | 91 (18.2) | 127 (18.4) |
| Meningitis | 6 (23.1) | 2 (22.2) | 4 (33.3) | 22 (15.4) | 86 (17.2) | 120 (17.4) |
| Other | 6 (23.1) | 0 (0) | 1 (8.3) | 30 (21.0) | 87 (17.4) | 124 (18.0) |
| Unknown | 6 (23.1) | 3 (33.3) | 5 (41.7) | 19 (13.3) | 79 (15.8) | 112 (16.2) |
| Total | 26 (100.0) | 9 (100.0) | 12 (100.0) | 143 (100.0) | 500 (100.0) | 690 (100.0) |
| Median age at disease onset, y (IQR) |
2.1
(0.8–43.7) |
52.0
(1.9–53.3) |
36.5
(14.4–47.0) |
65.3
(34.0–8.3) |
61.0
(12.7–75.2) |
60.7
(15.4–75.1) |
| Incidence/million cases (total no. cases) by age group, y | ||||||
| <5 | 0.12 (17) | 0.02 (3) | 0 | 0.10 (14) | 0.78 (106) | 1.02 (140) |
| 5–64 | 0.00 (4) | 0.00 (5) | 0.01 (10) | 0.04 (57) | 0.12 (171) | 0.17 (247) |
| >65 | 0.02 (5) | 0.00 (1) | 0.01 (2) | 0.25 (72) | 0.77 (221) | 1.04 (301) |
| All age groups |
0.01 (26) |
0.00 (9) |
0.01 (12) |
0.08 (143) |
0.26 (500)† |
0.36 (690)† |
| No. cases (%) by age group, y | ||||||
| <5 | 17 (65.4) | 3 (33.3) | 0 | 14 (9.8) | 106 (21.2) | 140 (20.3) |
| 5–64 | 4 (15.4) | 5 (55.6) | 10 (83.3) | 57 (39.9) | 171 (34.2) | 247 (35.8) |
| >65 | 5 (19.2) | 1 (11.1) | 2 (16.7) | 72 (50.3) | 221 (44.2) | 301 (43.6) |
| All age groups |
26 (100.0) |
9 (100.0) |
12 (100.0) |
143 (100.0) |
500 (100.0)† |
690 (100.0)† |
| No. (%) deaths by age group, y | ||||||
| <5 | 3 (17.6) | 0 | – | 0 | 3 (2.8) | 6 (4.3) |
| 5–64 | 0 | 1 (20.0) | 0 | 6 (10.5) | 11 (6.4) | 18 (7.3) |
| >65 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 17 (23.6) | 22 (10.0) | 39 (13.0) |
| All age groups | 3 (11.5) | 1 (11.1) | 0 | 23 (16.1) | 36 (7.2)† | 63 (9.1)† |
| Median age at death, y (IQR) | 0.50 (0.47–2.3) | 55.0‡ | – | 70.0 (63.8–88.9) | 72.3 (55.9–83.4) | 70.5 (51.7–83.7) |
*Hia, H. influenzae type a; Hic, H. influenzae type c; Hid, H. influenzae type d; Hie, H. influenzae type e; Hif, H. influenzae type f; IQR, interquartile range.
†Ages were not known for 2 persons with Hif infection.
‡Only 1 death was caused by this serotype.
1European Union Invasive Bacterial Infection Surveillance participants: Peter McIntyre, Lyn Gilbert, Geoff Hogg (Australia); Reinhild Strauss, Sigrid Heuberger (Austria); Germaine Hanquet, Francoise Crokaert (Belgium); Pavla Krizova, Vera Lebedova (Czech Republic); Kåre Mølbak, Jens Jørgen Christensen (Denmark); Kuulo Kutsar, Unna Joks (Estonia); Elja Herva, Tarja Kaijalainen, Maija Leinonen, Petri Ruutu (Finland); Agnes Lepoutre, Henri Dabernat (France); Anette Siedler, Heinz-J. Schmitt (Germany); Marie Theodoridou, Anastasia Pangalis, Georgina Tzanakaki (Greece); Miklos Fuzi, Katalin Krisztalovics (Hungary); Thorolfur Gudnason, Hjordis Hardardottir (Iceland); Mary Cafferkey, Suzanne Cotter, Darina O'Flanagan (Republic of Ireland); Ron Dagan (Israel); Marina Cerquetti, Marta Ciofi degli Atti (Italy); Irina Lucenko (Latvia); Grazina Rimseliene, Snieguole Dauksiene (Lithuania); Pierette Huberty-Krau, Francois Schneider (Luxembourg); Jackie Maistre Melillo (Malta); Sabine de Greeff, Hester de Melker, Lodewijk Spanjaard (Netherlands); Hans Blystad, E. Arne Hoiby, Øistein Løvoll (Norway); Andrzej Zielinski, Waleria Hryniewicz, Anna Skoczynska, Marcin Kadlubowski (Poland); Laurinda Queirós, Paula Lavado (Portugal); Claire Cameron, Barbara Denham, Fiona Johnston (Scotland); Margareta Slacikova, Elena Novakova (Slovak Republic); Alenka Kraigher, Metka Paragi (Slovenia); Jose Campos, Javier Diez-Domingo (Spain); Rose-Marie Carlsson, Birgitta Henriques Normark (Sweden); Hans-Peter Zimmermann (Switzerland).