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Volume 17, Number 2—February 2011
Dispatch

Surveillance for West Nile Virus in Dead Wild Birds, South Korea, 2005–2008

Jung-Yong YehComments to Author , Hyun-Ju Kim, Jin-Ju Nah, Hang Lee, Young-Jun Kim, Jin-San Moon, In-Soo Cho, In-Soo Choi, Chang-Seon Song, and Joong-Bok Lee
Author affiliations: Author affiliations: National Veterinary Research and Quarantine Service, Gyeonggi-do, South Korea (J.-Y. Yeh, H-J. Kim, J.-J. Nah, J.-S. Moon, I.-S. Cho); Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea (H. Lee, Y.-J. Kim); Konkuk University, Seoul (I.-S. Choi, C.-S.Song, J.-B. Lee)

Main Article

Table A1

Migration status (seasonality) and abundance of 715 dead wild birds (72 species) with West Nile virus infection, South Korea, 2005–2008

Family, common name Species No. samples* Migration status†
Accipitridae
Cinereous vulture Aegypius monachus 1 W3, RV3
Common buzzard Buteo buteo 8 P3, W3, SV3
Eurasian sparrowhawk Accipiter nisus 1 P3, RV2
Common kingfisher Alcedo atthis 3 S2, R(m)5
Black-capped kingfisher
Halcyon pileata
2
S3
Anatidae
Baikal teal Anas formosa 6 W1, SV3
Pintail Anas acuta 2 P2, W2
White-fronted goose Anser albifrons 6 P1, W2, SV2
Common teal Anas crecca 7 W2, RV1
Parrot Lorius domicella 1 Exotic
Mandarin duck Aix galericulata 2 R(m)3, W3
Mallard Anas platyrhynchos 60 P1, W1, R4
Bean goose Anser fabalis 2 P1, W2, SV2
Spot-billed duck
Anas poecilorhyncha
16
P1, W1, R2
Ardeidae
Striated heron Butorides striatus 3 S3
Great egret Casmerodius albus 2 W3, SV1
Little egret Egretta garzetta 8 S2, W4
Gray heron Ardea cinerea 9 S3, W3
Great egret Egretta alba 4 S2, WV1
Intermediate egret Egretta intermedia 1 S3
Black-crowned night heron Nycticorax nycticorax 5 S3, R4
Buff-backed heron, cattle egret
Bubulcus ibis
10
S2
Caprimulgidae
Gray nightjar
Caprimulgus indicus
5
P3, S3
Ciconiidae
Oriental white stork
Ciconia boyciana
1
W5, SV3
Columbidae
Rufous turtle dove Streptopelia orientalis 19 R1, P3
Hill pigeon Columba rupestris rupestris 39 R5
Feral rock pigeon
Columba livia
3
R(m)2
Coraciidae
Broad-billed roller
Eurystomus orientalis
3
P3, S3
Corvidae
Black-billed magpie Pica pica 96 R(m)1
Azure-winged magpie Cyanopica cyana 1 R(m)2
Jay Garrulus glandarius 6 R(m)1
Jungle crow
Corvus macrorhynchos
3
R(m)2
Cuculidae
Oriental cuckoo Cuculus saturates 1 S2
Common cuckoo
Cuculus canorus
1
S1
Emberizidae
Rustic bunting
Emberiza rustica
2
P1, W1
Falconidae
Eurasian hobby Falco subbuteo 10 S3
Common kestrel
Falco tinnunculus
11
R(m)3, S2
Fringillidae
Eurasian siskin Carduelis spinus 1 P1, W1, SV3
Gray-capped greenfinch
Carduelis sinica ussuriensis
1
R(m)1, W2
Gaviidae
Red-throated diver
Gavia stellata
1
P3, W3
Hirundinidae
House swallow
Hirundo rustica
1
P1, S1, WV3
Laridae
Black-tailed gull Larus crassirostris 2 S2, W2
Herring gull
Larus argentatus
1
W2, RV1
Muscicapidae
Blue-and-white flycatcher
Cyanoptila cyanomela
1
P2, S2
Oriolidae
Black-naped oriole
Oriolus chinensis
2
P2, S2
Paradoxornithidae
Vinous-throated parrotbill
Paradoxornis webbiana
1
R(m)1
Paridae
Great tit
Parus major
2
R(m)1
Passeridae
Tree sparrow
Passer montanus
18
P3, W3, R5
Phasianidae
Golden pheasant Chrysolophus pictus 1 Exotic
Ring-necked pheasant Phasianus colchicus 39 R1
Chicken Gallus gallus domesticus 1 R1
Korean black chicken
Gallus gallus var. domesticus
1
R1
Picidae
Great spotted woodpecker Dendrocopos major 1 R(m)2
Japanese pigmy woodpecker Dendrocopos kizuki 1 R1
Green woodpecker
Picus viridus
1
R(m)3
Procellariidae
Streaked shearwater
Calonectris leucomelas
1
S2
Pycnonotidae
Brown-eared bulbul
Hypsipetes amaurotis
11
R(m)1, S3, W3
Rallidae
Coot Fulica atra 1 W3, R4
Moorhen
Gallinula chlororpus
1
S4, R5
Scolopacidae
Woodcock Scolopax rusticola 6 P4, W5
Whimbrel
Numenius phaeopus variegatus
1
P3, WV3
Strigidae
Eurasian scops owl Otus scops stictonotus 33 P3, S3
Brown hawk owl Ninox scutulat 37 P4, S4
Eurasian eagle owl Bubo bubo 20 R(m)4
Tawny owl Strix aluco 1 R4
Long-eared owl Asio otus 2 P5, W5
Collared scops owl
Otus lempiji
7
R(m)3, W4
Sturnidae
Gray starling
Sturnus cineraceus
1
W2, R(m)2
Turdidae
Gray-backed thrush Turdus hortulorum 1 P3, S3
White`s thrush
Zoothera dauma
13
S2, W4
Zosteropidae
Japanese white-eye
Zosterops japonica japonica
1
R(m)3, P4
Unidentified

142

Total 715

*Samples were received from natural heritage centers, wildlife rescue organizations, and private veterinary practices.
†Letters are used in a wide range of combinations to suggest a species’ seasonality. R, resident; R(m), resident and partial migrant; P, passage migrant (i.e., spring, autumn, or both); W, winter visitor; S, summer visitor or summer resident. Numbers (1–5) are used to express estimated abundance since 1980: 1, numerous (>100,000 records or individuals); 2, rather common/locally common (10,000–100,000 records or individuals); 3, fairly common (1,000–<10,000 records or individuals); 4, uncommon or rather local (100–<1,000 records or individuals); 5, scarce or very local (recorded annually, with ≥100 records from 1980 to the present time and <100 records estimated to occur annually). For less regularly recorded species, V followed by a number (1–5) indicates all known records (from 1980 to the present time): V1, probable annual (25–99 records or individuals); V2, recorded scarcely annually, or less than annually (10–<25 records or individuals); V3, ≥10 records, n); V4, species last recorded >10 years ago; V5, species added to the Birds Korea Checklist since the past update (starting in October 2007). On occasion, these codes are also used with a prefix (e.g., W, S) to indicate that more abundant species also occur more rarely in a given season (between 1980 and the present time). For example, S3, WV3 indicates that a species that is fairly common in summer has also been recorded <10 times in mid-winter between 1980 and the present time. This manner of measuring migratory status (seasonality) and abundance is followed by The Birds Korea Checklist: 2009 (6).

Main Article

Page created: July 08, 2011
Page updated: July 08, 2011
Page reviewed: July 08, 2011
The conclusions, findings, and opinions expressed by authors contributing to this journal do not necessarily reflect the official position of the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, the Public Health Service, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, or the authors' affiliated institutions. Use of trade names is for identification only and does not imply endorsement by any of the groups named above.
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