Volume 17, Number 3—March 2011
Research
Reduction of Coxiella burnetii Prevalence by Vaccination of Goats and Sheep, the Netherlands
Lenny Hogerwerf
, René van den Brom, Hendrik I.J. Roest, Annemarie Bouma, Piet Vellema, Maarten Pieterse, Daan Dercksen, and Mirjam Nielen
, René van den Brom, Hendrik I.J. Roest, Annemarie Bouma, Piet Vellema, Maarten Pieterse, Daan Dercksen, and Mirjam Nielen
Table 2
Quantitative PCR results and prevalence for samples positive for Coxiella burnetii for 957 animals in 13 small ruminant herds, the Netherlands, January–April 2010*
| Farm | Group | Uterine fluid |
Vaginal mucus |
Milk |
|||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| No. | Pos | D | % (95% CI) | No. | Pos | D | % (95% CI) | No. | Pos | D | % (95% CI) | ||||
| Unvaccinated goats | |||||||||||||||
| A | Young | 46 | 0 | 0 | 0 (0–6) | 0 | 0 | 0 | NA | 0 | 0 | 0 | NA | ||
| Old | 47 | 0 | 2 | 0 (0–6) | 0 | 0 | 0 | NA | 52 | 8 | 2 | 15 (6–25) | |||
| B | Young | 74 | 35 | 16 | 47 (36–59) | 76 | 75 | 0 | 99 (96–100) | 0 | 0 | 0 | NA | ||
| Old | 26 | 10 | 2 | 39 (20–57) | 26 | 26 | 0 | 100 | 26 | 17 | 8 | 65 (47–84) | |||
| F | Young | 49 | 35 | 4 | 71 (59–84) | 53 | 52 | 0 | 98 (95–100) | 0 | 0 | 0 | NA | ||
| Old | 0 | 0 | 0 | NA | 0 | 0 | 0 | NA | 0 | 0 | 0 | NA | |||
| K | Young | 26 | 17 | 5 | 65 (47–84) | 32 | 32 | 0 | 100 | 0 | 0 | 0 | NA | ||
| Old | 28 | 12 | 3 | 43 (25–61) | 39 | 39 | 0 | 100 | 34 | 33 | 0 | 97 (91–100) | |||
| L | Young | 37 | 0 | 0 | 0 (0–8) | 37 | 2 | 9 | 5 (0–13) | 0 | 0 | 0 | NA | ||
| Old |
58 |
0 |
0 |
0 (0–5) |
58 |
1 |
3 |
2 (0–5) |
51 |
2 |
3 |
4 (0–9) |
|||
| Unvaccinated sheep | |||||||||||||||
| X | Young | 17 | 5 | 2 | 29 (8–51) | 17 | 17 | 0 | 100 | 0 | 0 | 0 | NA | ||
| Old |
79 |
11 |
13 |
14 (6–22) |
82 |
76 |
1 |
93 (87–98) |
79 |
19 |
18 |
24 (15–34) |
|||
| Vaccinated goats | |||||||||||||||
| H | Young | 48 | 1 | 0 | 2 (0–6) | 49 | 1 | 5 | 2 (0–6) | 0 | 0 | 0 | NA | ||
| Old | 50 | 0 | 0 | 0 (0–6) | 50 | 6 | 11 | 12 (3–21) | 37 | 0 | 0 | 0 (0–8) | |||
| M | Young | 50 | 0 | 1 | 0 (0–6) | 49 | 46 | 2 | 94 (87–100) | 0 | 0 | 0 | NA | ||
| Old | 47 | 1 | 3 | 2 (0–6) | 48 | 47 | 0 | 98 (94–100) | 47 | 5 | 12 | 11 (2–20) | |||
| P | Young | 0 | 0 | 0 | NA | 0 | 0 | 0 | NA | 0 | 0 | 0 | NA | ||
| Old | 0 | 0 | 0 | NA | 30 | 12 | 9 | 40 (23–58) | 30 | 1 | 0 | 3 (0–10) | |||
| Q | Young | 49 | 0 | 0 | 0 (0–6) | 50 | 2 | 8 | 4 (0–9) | 0 | 0 | 0 | NA | ||
| Old | 49 | 0 | 1 | 0 (0–6) | 50 | 2 | 12 | 4 (0–9) | 50 | 0 | 2 | 0 (0–6) | |||
| R | Young | 0 | 0 | 0 | NA | 0 | 0 | 0 | NA | 0 | 0 | 0 | NA | ||
| Old | 10 | 0 | 0 | 0 (0–26) | 0 | 0 | 0 | NA | 10 | 0 | 0 | 0 (0–26) | |||
| S | Young | 46 | 0 | 0 | 0 (0–6) | 50 | 4 | 6 | 8 (0–16) | 0 | 0 | 0 | NA | ||
| Old | 25 | 0 | 0 | 0 (0–11) | 28 | 2 | 5 | 7 (0–17) | 28 | 1 | 5 | 4 (0–10) | |||
| T | Young | 49 | 0 | 0 | 0 (0–6) | 0 | 0 | 0 | NA | 0 | 0 | 0 | NA | ||
| Old | 47 | 0 | 0 | 0 (0–6) | 0 | 0 | 0 | NA | 46 | 3 | 3 | 7 (0–14) | |||
*No., no. tested; pos, no. with positive result; D, no. with doubtful result; %, prevalence; CI, confidence interval; young, nulliparous; NA, not applicable; old, pregnant and lactating.
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