Volume 17, Number 3—March 2011
Dispatch
Isoniazid-Resistant Tuberculous Meningitis, United States, 1993–2005
Christopher Vinnard
, Carla A. Winston, E. Paul Wileyto, Rob Roy MacGregor, and Gregory P. Bisson
, Carla A. Winston, E. Paul Wileyto, Rob Roy MacGregor, and Gregory P. Bisson
Table 1
Unadjusted analysis of factors associated with initial isoniazid resistance in tuberculosis disease, United States, 1993–2005*
| Patient characteristics | No. cases with isoniazid resistance/total no. cases (%) | OR (95% CI) | p value |
|---|---|---|---|
| Origin† | |||
| US-born | 40/926 (4) | Reference | |
| Foreign-born |
69/674 (10) |
2.53 (1.66–3.88) |
<0.01 |
| Age category, y | <0.01 | ||
| <1 | 1/57 (2) | 0.14 (0–0.86) | |
| 1–<4 | 4/94 (4) | 0.34 (0.08–1.00) | |
| 4–<14 | 3/50 (6) | 0.49 (0.09–1.67) | |
| 14–<24 | 8/111 (7) | 0.59 (0.23–1.38) | |
| 24–<34 | 31/268 (12) | Reference | |
| 34–<44 | 29/344 (8) | 0.70 (0.40–1.24) | |
| 44–<54 | 14/247 (6) | 0.46 (0.22–0.92) | |
| 55–<64 | 11/157 (7) | 0.58 (0.25–1.22) | |
| 64–74 | 5/159 (3) | 0.25 (0.07–0.66) | |
| >74 |
3/127 (2) |
0.18 (0.04–0.61) |
|
| Race category | |||
| White, non-Hispanic | 14/240 (6) | Reference | 0.03 |
| Black, non-Hispanic | 27/578 (5) | 0.79 (0.39–1.66) | |
| Hispanic | 38/489 (8) | 1.36 (0.70–2.78) | |
| Asian/Native Hawaiian, non-Hispanic | 28/276 (10) | 1.82 (0.90–3.84) | |
| American Indian, non-Hispanic |
0/16 |
0 (0–4.02) |
|
| HIV status‡ | |||
| Negative | 32/487 (7) | Reference | |
| Positive |
26/362 (7) |
1.10 (0.62–1.95) |
0.73 |
| Sex | |||
| F | 48/650 (7) | Reference | |
| M |
61/964 (6) |
0.85 (0.56–1.28) |
0.41 |
| Homeless within the previous year | |||
| No | 99/1,426 (7) | Reference | |
| Yes |
3/74 (4) |
0.57 (0.11–1.78) |
0.48 |
| Resident of a long-term care facility at diagnosis | |||
| No | 105/1,491 (7) | Reference | |
| Yes |
2/67 (3) |
0.41 (0.05–1.57) |
0.20 |
| Resident of a correctional facility at diagnosis | |||
| No | 106/1,561 (7) | Reference | |
| Yes |
3/43 (7) |
1.03 (0.20–3.32) |
0.96 |
| Pulmonary disease | |||
| No | 69/1,068 (6) | Reference | |
| Yes |
40/546 (7) |
1.14 (0.74–1.74) |
0.51 |
| Abnormal chest radiograph results | |||
| No | 48/690 (7) | Reference | |
| Yes |
58/835 (7) |
1.00 (0.66–1.52) |
0.99 |
| Positive smear (nonsputum site) | |||
| No | 71/985 (7) | Reference | |
| Yes |
32/434 (7) |
1.02 (0.64–1.61) |
0.91 |
| Positive tuberculin skin test result | |||
| No | 24/433 (5) | Reference | |
| Yes | 36/520 (7) | 1.33 (0.75–2.38) | 0.30 |
*OR, odds ratio; CI, confidence interval.
†US-born persons were defined as persons born in the United States, Puerto Rico, or US outlying area, or born abroad to American parents; all other persons were defined as foreign-born.
‡California reported only patients matched to the California AIDS registry from 1993–2004 as HIV positive; all other California patients are missing HIV status.
Page created: September 01, 2011
Page updated: September 01, 2011
Page reviewed: September 01, 2011
The conclusions, findings, and opinions expressed by authors contributing to this journal do not necessarily reflect the official position of the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, the Public Health Service, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, or the authors' affiliated institutions. Use of trade names is for identification only and does not imply endorsement by any of the groups named above.